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題名 | 麻疹流行及疫苗接種效果之分析:彰化市某小兒科診所之十年經驗 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 許守道; | 書刊名 | 中華民國小兒科醫學會雜誌 |
卷期 | 28:5 民76.09-10 |
頁次 | 頁342-347 |
分類號 | 415.231 |
關鍵詞 | 麻疹流行; 麻疹疫苗; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 自民國65年至74年這十年間,除民國72年外,在彰化市每年均有麻疹流行。此期間共有1,598個麻疹病例在許小兒科診所受診,男性有875例,女性有723例,男女比例為1.2:1;盛行月份為每年三、四、五及六月。民國65年至72年間的流行主要以一~四歲年齡層為主;民國73年及74年則以五~九歲年齡層為主。民國73年及74年的家庭調查得知麻疹疫苗有效率為95.7%。同時13例未接種者接觸後接受預防接種,其中3例感染麻疹;22例接種者接觸後接受再接種,則無感染例。民國74年度不可避免麻疹共73例,其中49例曾接種麻疹疫苗,24例之發病年齡為九個月以下,可避免麻疹則為52例,其中33例為未接種之學齡前兒童,19例為未接種之學齡兒童。因此要進一步防治麻疹。必須加強學齡前兒童的常規預防接種;另外必須在學齡兒童入學時作接種記錄檢查,未接種者應加以補接種,同時一旦有麻疹病例,必須對其家庭內可感染對象在接觸五天以內施行麻疹預防接種;若為五天以後則注射血清丙種球蛋白,俟三個月後再予補接種。 |
英文摘要 | In Chang-Hwa City, measles outbreak occurred every year from 1976 to 1985 except 1983. 1,598 cases were seen at Hsu' s clinics. The ratio of male patients to female was 1.2. Most cases occurred between March and June. From 1976 to 1983, most of the patients were between 1 year and 4 years of age. But in 1984 and 1985, the patients were mostly between 5 years and 9 years of age. The vaccine efficacy was found to be 95.7% from the family study performed in 1984 and 1985. Meanwhile, 13 cases of unvaccinated children received post-exposure vaccination, only 3 cases contracted measles. In 1985, 52 cases of measles were classified as preventable, among them, 33 cases were preschool children and 19 cases were school aged. It is suggested that routine immunization of preschool children should be reinforced, and compulsory document of immunity to measles should be required for school entrance. Finally, the exposed susceptible family members, if still within 5 days of exposure, should be given vaccination immediately; if more than 5 days after exposure, they should be given gamma globulin and followed by vaccination 3 months later. |
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