頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | Stephen Crane's Naturalistic Vision of War in The Red Badge of Courage (1895)=「鐵血雄師」中自然主義的戰爭觀 |
---|---|
作 者 | 魯子青; | 書刊名 | 高雄工商專校學報 |
卷 期 | 25 1995.12[民84.12] |
頁 次 | 頁471-507 |
分類號 | 852.34 |
關鍵詞 | 鐵血雄師; 自然主義; 戰爭觀; Stephen Crane; Naturalistic vision; The Red Badge of Courage; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 十九世紀末,美國社會產生了劇烈的變動。這時歐洲的思潮,例如達爾文,史賓 賽,尼采,種族主義,與馬克斯學說開始大量的被美國人所吸收。於是宗教被進化論質疑了 ,實證科學的崇拜模糊了道德的傳統定義。 清教徒的工作倫理瓦解了,美國夢的迷思 (the myth of American Dream) 也被重新修正。此時自然學派 (naturalism) 的小說家,以他們 犬儒式的哲學觀鼓吹著人心的反叛。咸認為,自然之所以偉大,就在於它能漠視一切的苦難 而無動於衷,也唯有個人主義,甚至是超人主義,才能與進化論的通則相呼應。自民粹運動 (populism) 以降,浪漫的文風就被寫實主義所取代,自此, 自然主義又取代了寫實主義成 為了小說的主流。 史提芬.葛蘭 (1871-1900) 在這種衝擊之下,終於發展出了他虛無的戰 爭哲學。 |
英文摘要 | The American pathos of war at the turn of the century cannot be understood without a thematic reference to literary naturalism, to which the philosophy of Nietzsche made a tremendous contribution. His doctrines postulate that new values will emerge only after an individual meets the challenge of violence and hardness of life, in the conviction that power or will is a sacred mystery for which life can even be ignored. According to him, the ancient will to power is an unchangeable truth in light of the fact that there exist no things of permanent good or evil. As a result, only values can be assessed through the "drama of reduction or revelation" to give purpose ot a man's existence. Stephen Crane (1871-1900) was highly obsessed with the moment of crisis, especially that of war and poverty without losing an instantaneous balance between reality and imagination. Prior ot The Red Badge, he uses the theme of futile bravery as a target of sarcasm in "A Mystery of Heroism." Out of the bitter tone and dark meaning of war ariscs an swift thrust, whose effect brings to focus the significance of the meaningless experience. In The Red Badge, his use of stream of consciousness, as a narrative technique, won him national distinction. Like a journalist reporting a story, Crane uses the adventure of a young soldier as the subject of social/psychological research. His impressionistic method of narration is so subtle that he gives his readers a unified perception that the hero's internal and external activities have been so intricately corresponded so as to make sense of each stage of his mental development. It is no cause for wonder that Drane's imaginative approach to fulfill material differed from Howells's realistic treatment of the "smiling aspects of life." Crane's achievement might have excelled Howells's in that the depicted experiences that he had not undergone before. In a society fraught with injury, violation, grievances, and aggressiveness, Crane seemed to believe that the weaker and more foreign elements are destined to be-exploited, ingested, or assimilated. These are biological laws imbued with intense sociological implications, and were extensively employed by American naturalistic writers aiming to seek an analogy for the conditioning of their literary genre, around the turn of the century. It is to that and the this paper seeks to contemplate the extent to which the Nietzschen vision of nature influenced Crane's vision of war. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。