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題 名 | 跨欄及起跑運動之運動學研究 |
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作 者 | 林宗賢; | 書刊名 | 中原學報 |
卷 期 | 15 1986.12[民75.12] |
頁 次 | 頁103-120 |
分類號 | 528.9466 |
關鍵詞 | 起跑運動; 跨欄; 運動學; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究目的在分析跨欄及起跑運動過程中之各種運動學要素,以輔大體育系學生李福恩、李國生......等六位男生及章鳳翱等三位女生共九位為研究對象,應用八度米、十六度米攝影機各一臺,拍攝動作過程後,膠卷沖洗置於影片分析器中分析各種運動學要素,經過數量之統計及討論分析後,獲得結論如下: 一、本研究受試者橫面重心高度,男生平均高度96.58公分,重心比率平均值為54.5%;女生平均高度89.77公分,重心比率平均值為54.67%。 二、男生跨欄第一步步幅平均為1.94公尺,第二步步幅平均為1.62公尺,為使身體不致在空中停留大久,故第三步小於第一步。 三、男生起跑步幅第一步平均值為0.45公尺;第二步平均值為1.58公尺;第三步平均值為2.87公尺,步幅由小漸大是穩定重心的轉移及加速度。 四、男生受試者三次跨欄平均全程時間為0.477秒;女生受試者三次跨欄平均全程時間約棍捧0.413秒,女低、男高。 五、跨欄之前導腳著地至跑出第一步之時間,男生平均為0.137秒,女生平均為0.178秒。起跨腳離地至重心最高點的時間,男生平均為0.238秒;女生平均為0.229秒。 六、起跨離地前重心位移至欄架正上上時的垂直分速度,男生平均值的0.837公尺/秒;女生平均值為0.486公尺/秒。水平位移男生約為1.575公尺;女生平均約為1.643公尺。垂直位移男生平均為0.223公尺;女生平均為0.135公尺。 七、起跨腳離地前身體重心至欄架正上方時的角度,男生平均為6.78度,女生約為4.78度,為求快速過欄所以角度愈小愈好。 八、起跑後,手離地,後腿蹬直持之重心延長線與軀幹角度男生平均為24.5度,女生平均為28.25度,大腿與軀幹之夾角,男生平均為68.5度,女生平均為65度,大腿與小腿之夾角,男生平均為70.87度,女生平均為84.75度,起跑後為求身體之穩定及加速度,故重心延長線與軀幹角度須求大。 九、起跑後胸抬起到第一步之間,男生平均為0.241秒,女生為0.213秒;第二步腳抬起到著地時間,男生平均為0.313秒,女生平均為0.356秒;第三步,男生平均為0.247秒,女生平均為0.315秒。 起跑後第一步因步幅較小,所用時間較短,第二步重心尚未穩定且步幅加大,故時間較長,第三步後身體位移已漸平穩故時間較短。 |
英文摘要 | The objective of this study is to analyze the kinematical elements during the process of hurdle race and the movements at the start to run with 9 students in the phsical educational department of the Fu Zen Catholic University 6 male students: LI, FU-EN, LI, KUO-SHENG, etc. and 3 female students TUNG, FENG-HSIUNG etc., as the objects of this study, 8 mm and 16 mm cameras each had been used to take pictures of the process of their actions. Then the developed films were placed in the analyzer to analyze various kinematical elements and the following conclusion have been fina1ized through guavtitative statistics and review and analysis: 1.As to the height of gravitational center of the testees in this study, the average height is 96.58 cm for the male students and the mean value of the ratios of their gravitational center is 54.5%; while the mean height for the female students is 89.77 cm and the mean value of the ratios of their gravitational center is 54.67% 2. The average span of the first step of the male students to stride over the hurdle is 1.94m, and the average span of their second step is 1.62m. To make their body not stay too long in the air, their second step is smaller than their first one. 3. As to the span of the start steps for the male students, the inean value of their first step is 0.45 meter; the mean value of their second step is 1.58m; and the mean value of their third step is 2.87 m. The spans of their steps vary graudually to a larger value because of the shift of their steady center of gravity and acceleration. 4. For the male student testees, the mean time of the overall travel of their third negotiation over the hurdle is 0.477 second; and for the female student testees, the mean time of the overall travel of their third crossing over the hurdle is approximately 0.413 second consumed. 5. The mean time from the leading foot that has stridden over the hurdle and touches the ground tothe first step is 0.137 second for the male students and 0.178 secortd for the female students. The mean timefrom their foot initiating the stride over the hurdle to the highest point of the center of gravity is 0.238 second and 0.229 second for the male and female students respectively. 6. As to the vertical component speed when the center of gravity before the foot initiating the stride displaces to the position right over the hurdle frame the mean value is 0.837 m/sec for the male students and 0.486 m/sec for the female students respectively. And the mean horizontal displacement speed is about 1.575m for the male students and 1.643m for the female students, while the mean vertical displacement value is 0.223 m and 0.135 m for the male and female students respectively. 7. The mean agle when the testees' body gravitational center to the place right over the hurdle frame before their foot initiating the stride gets off the fround is about 6.78 and 4.78 degrees for the male and female students respectively. To negotiate over the hurdle frames as soon as possible, the smaller this angle the better. 8. After the testees' starting their run and hands getting off the ground, the mean angle between the extended line of the gravitational center and their torso when their rear leg stretches straight is 24.5 and 28.25 degrees for the male and female students respectively. The angle between their thigh and torso is 68.5 and 65 degrees respectively. The mean angle between their thigh and leg is 70.87 and 84.75 degree for the male and female students respectively. To secure their body stability and acceleration after starting the run, the angle between the extended line of their body gravitational center and torso must be large by all possible means. 9. The mean time between their foot is raised up after starting the run to the first step is 0.241 and 0.213 second for the male students and female students respectively. The mean time between their foot is raised up in the second step to its touch on the fround is 0.313 and 0.356 second for the male and female students respectively. The mean time of their third step in the same manner is 0.247 and 0.315 second for the male and female students respectively. Since the span of the first step after starting the run is smaller, the time they use is shorter. But in their second step, the body gravitational center is not very stable and the span of the step is increased, the time they consume is longer. After the third step, as the body displacements gradually tends to stable, the time for each of the successive steps they take is shorter. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。