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題名 | 水稻早抽穗E 基因與其加速作用m 基因間之交感及其異常變異的遺傳研究 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 蔡國海; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 137 1987.03[民76.03] |
頁次 | 頁5-20 |
分類號 | 434.114 |
關鍵詞 | 水稻; 交感; 早抽穗; 基因; 遺傳; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 稻梗品種臺中(簡稱T65)之遺傳的背景所檢出之獨立關係的早抽穗E(Ef-1之略稱)基因與其加速作用m(m-Ef之略稱)基因間之互相作用(non-allelic interaction)稱為Em交感。E基因座具有顯性之同位對性(isoallelic)E基因群及穩性之對性基因e,而m基因座具不元全顯性之m+與不完全隱性之m(E共存時)基因。E基因單獨時,將促進T65(具e基因)之抽穗作用約10日,而m加速E基因之提早抽穗作用程度依E基因之種類自12日乃至24日之間,惟m與e共存時僅早抽穗若干日(冬期作)或不表現作用(夏期作)。E基因群中,E(superscript a)(含於非輪迴親大同在來)與E(superscript x)(x-線誘發)2個基因隨與T65增加回交次數而減弱其本身之提早抽穗及Em交感作用,惟E(superscript b)(坊主5號)與E(superscript r)(γ-線誘發)兩基因表示相反現象。如此,隨回交之增加,E基因間之Em交感及其本身之作用程度的增減表示同向關係。依回交之繼續,E基因經純化後,E(superscript x)m交感作用為最小之外,其他Em交感程度之間並未發現顯著性差異存在。Em品系間抽穗日數與株高,穗長及每穗粒數之間具高度正向之相關關係。 回交初期發現若干系統含有抑制Em交感之因子,而其可以雜交除去。同基因型之Em品系間雜種出現Em+表現型,其頻度為1.2至2.3%,而此種偽型(offtypes)之後裔Em:Em+之分離比為多樣,表示異常性之分離。本研究結果顯示E與m兩基因座均為高度可突變性(higher mutability),而由表現型之頻度推估基因之變化率(p)結果得2.5%至23.5%之間,並且估計由偽型復元原基因型之機率得21.2%至91%之間,此種高度基因作用之變化率難予依基因之突然變異說明。筆者由研究結果推測可能有某種自發性之活動性因子t(autonomous transposable element)以聯合E或m基因座,而抑制此等基因之效應,致變換基因作用,惟當其由基因座脫離時,將復元原基因作用。此種t因子之作用可能為偽型之出現及抽穗性異常分離之主要原因。 |
英文摘要 | The E-m epistasis stands for the interaction between two independent genes, Ef-1 (abbreviated as E) and m-Ef-1 (abbreviated as m), both being isolated in isogenic lines of Taichung 65. Several dominant isoalleles with slightly but significantly different effects have been found at the E locus, as reported earlier by the author. Only two alleles, m and m+, the latter being incompletely dominant over the former, have been found at the m locus. The magnitude of E-m epistasis differed according to the E alleles. When the isogenic lines with E alleles were 'purified' by additional backcrossings with Taichung 65, the E-m epistasis was weakended in E(superscript a) and E(superscript x), but was intensified in E(superscript b) and E(superscript γ). The increase or decrease in E-m epistasis was parallele to that in the effect of E alleles (with m+). The magnitude of E-m epistasis with E(superscript x) was reduced much when backcrossing was repeated. The effects of different E alleles and their E-m epistasis on heading time and those on plant height were correlated strongly. In early backcrossing generations, lines with a factor suppressing the E-m epistasis were obtained, and such factors were eliminated by crossing. However, when two isogenic lines both with an E-m genotype were crossed, the F₂ population contained plants of E type (heading later than the E-m type) with a frequency of 1.2 to 2.3%. The F₃ lines from such F₂ offtypes showed irregular segregation patterns for E-m and E types and contained a few e types whose heading time was similar to that of Taichung 65. The occurrence of offtypes presumably having genes not present in the parents implies a change or conversion of genic effect. The rate of change in genic effect from the original state to an offtype was 2.5 to 23.5% per generation according to families, and the rate of their recovery to the original state was as high as 21.2 to 91%. Such a high rate of genic change cannot be accounted for by gene mutation. As a working hypothesis, it was assumed that an autonomous transposable element (t) was involved, and its incorporation into either the E or m locus inactivated the effect of those genes. When it was detached from the locus, the gene would recover the original action. |
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