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題名 | The Population Growth of Hong Kong=香港人口的增長 |
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作 者 | 范叔欽; 李兆麟; | 書刊名 | 人口學刊 |
卷期 | 9 1986.06[民75.06] |
頁次 | 頁105-130 |
分類號 | 542.13281 |
關鍵詞 | 香港; 人口增長; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 香港的人口,從1961年的313萬人,增至1985年的542萬人,在這25年中,增加達230萬人,幾達75 %。本文旨在討論香港人口在過去二、三十年間的增長,分析人口在分佈、性別、年齡、婚姻和勞動力方面的特徵和演變,及出生、死亡和移民增加等因素對香港人口增長的影響。 香港的人口出生率,在1950年代後期高達37‰,每年出生嬰孩數在10萬名以上。進入1960年代後,逐漸下降至目前的出生率在15‰以下和每年出生嬰孩數少於8萬名。近年來青年男女,因受教育和就業機會增加,有將結婚年齡推延二、三年的跡象,年青夫婦因居屋面積窄小和欲享受較高生活水平意願,多以一、二個子女為標準,促使出生率迅速下降,出生嬰孩為首兩位子女佔全部出生嬰孩的比率,已增至四分之三以上。 香港每年死亡人數,從1960年代的2萬人左右,增至目前的2萬5、6千人,這是因為人口的增長和人口較為老化所致。死亡率則從戰後的30‰以上,降至過去10多年的5‰左右。如果扣除人口年齡結構方面的影響,則在過去10年中,死亡率在實質上有20%的減少。嬰孩死亡率的下降尤為迅速,從戰後的100‰,降至近年的10‰以下。生活水準的提高,所得增加,醫學和醫療服務的改善,都是促成死亡率下降的原因。 過去二十多年中,合法與非法移民進入香港人數變動甚大,對香港人口增長的影響,也波動頗大。1980年起,嚴格防止非法移民進入,不准非法移民在港居留後,自然增長成為香港人口增長的主要因素。 |
英文摘要 | The population of Hong Kong grew from 3.13 million in 1961 to 5.42 million in 1986. The population increased by 2.29 million, or 75 per cent, in the past 25 years. This paper tries to analyse the demographic characteristics of the population and to examine the factors, such as fertility, mortality and migration, which affected Hong Kong’s population growth. The fertility decline in the 1960’s was believed to be due to the relative decline in the number of young women and the decline in the proportion of women married especially at the fertile ages 20-24. The continued fertility decline in the 1970’s was caused by postponement of marriage and the genuine decline in marital fertility. The postponement of marriage was largely attributable to the better educational and job opportunities available for the young generation. The trend for small families was attributable to the pressures on housing and young couples’ desire for a higher standard of living. Hong Kong’s crude death rate fluctuated around the level of five per 1,000 persons in the past twenty years. However, standardized death rates showed a reduction of 20 per cent in the mortality level in the past decade. The decline in mortality is associated with the rapid socio-economic and environmental development, better medical facilities and improvements in education, housing, sanitation and hygiene. The infant mortality is now below 9 per 1 ,000 live births. Further decline in infant morta1ity depends on the possibility of a significant drop in neonatal mortality in the future. As the inward migration is under control and the net balance is estimated to be around 15,000 persons per annum, natural growth will be the major factor contributing to the future population growth of Hong Kong. The Hong Kong population is projected to reach 6 million in 1992. The ageing of the population will continue, and the proportion of population aged 65 and over will reach 10 per cent in the late 1990’s. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。