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| 題 名 | Overview of Harvard Air Pollution Respiratory Health Study Program (1):Project Design and Ambient Monitoring=哈佛大學空氣污染與人體健康監測方案記要 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 陳國桁; | 書刊名 | 工業污染防治 |
| 卷 期 | 5:1=17 1986.01[民75.01] |
| 頁 次 | 頁30-54 |
| 分類號 | 412.33 |
| 關鍵詞 | 人體健康; 方案; 空氣污染; 哈佛大學; 監測; |
| 語 文 | 英文(English) |
| 中文摘要 | 本文主指在記載哈佛大學所報行的空氣污染與人體呼吸系健康關係之計畫研究。此項研究工作是全歷史上繼CHESS (Community Health and Environmental Surveillance System)方案後唯一全面性空氣污染對人體健康之危害的總體研究。採樣工作遍及美國的六大城市,如今已經入第十一個年度。本文對於此項研究工作的出發點,研究方針,採樣設計,化學實驗方法,與數據歸類整理,都有詳細的報告。 全文分為兩部。第一部詳述研究計畫方針及大氣質量採樣。空氣微粒測量包括:總微粒(Total Suspended Particulate Matter, TSP,微粒粒徑0到30微米),細質粒(Fine Particulate Matter, EP,微粒粒徑0到2.5微米),與粒質粒(Coarse Particulate Matter, CP,微粒粒徑2.5到15微米)的採樣。氣質測量包括:臭氧(Ozone, □),二氧化硫(Sulfur Dioxide, S□),一氧化氮(Nitrogen Oxide, NO),與二氧化氮(Nitrogen Dioxide, N□)。第二部分詳解空氣微粒之分析,其中包括30種化學元性的測量和品質管制,品質保證之程序,此類長期性空氣污染防制研究是如今排放源模式(Source Dispersion Model)與受體模式(Receptor Model)所用數據之泉源。也是當今典型的大規模空氣質量採樣研究之規範。希望本文可對國內環境保護之實施有所助益。 |
| 英文摘要 | Numerous urban- and regional-scale studies have been conducted in the United States, such as the California Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACHEX), the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) undertaken in the St. Louis area, the New York Summer Aerosol Study (NYSAS), the Portland Aerosol Characterization Study (PACS), the sulfate Regional experiment (SUER), the Eastern Regional Air Quality Study (ERAQS), and the United States Environ mental protection Agency’s Inhalable Particulate Network Data analysis to examine the nature and sources of atmospheric aerosols. Concerns over the health consequences of exposure to both outdoor and indoor air pollutants has motivated research on the effects of air pollutants from an epidemiological standpoint. The adverse effects of air pollution, though evident, are difficult to quantify or evaluate. For more than forty years, scientists have been accumulating evidence to indicate that some ill health is associated with the polluted atmosphere. The earlier Community Health and Environmental Surveillance System (CHESS) study was the first comprehensive national program of standardized epidemiologic study. It was designed to measure simultaneous environmental quality and sensitive health indicators in communities representing different exposures to common air pollutants. This paper describes the Harvard Air Pollution Respiratory Health Study program (also known as the Harvard Six-City study) as an example of a sophisticated ambient air quality/health effects framework. A description of the study objectives, program design, and ambient air monitoring are presented in PartⅠ. Chemical analyses, quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) will be summarized in PartⅡ of this series. This information has been assembled in one place in order to serve as useful reference to others desiring to design or conduct air pollution health effecte research. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。