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題名 | 臺灣香蕉生理特性之研究(2):土壤水分對香蕉生理作用及產量之影響 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 柯立祥; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 108 1979.12[民68.12] |
頁次 | 頁11-23 |
關鍵詞 | 土壤水分; 生理特性; 香蕉; 臺灣; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 為瞭解土壤水分多寡對香蕉諸生理作用及產量之影響,曾於香蕉生長發育接近花芽分化期時,將土壤水分調整並維持在80%;65~70%;55~55%;40%及25~30%(對最大容水量而言)等不同土壤水分,並調整香蕉之葉綠素含量,單位葉面積乾物重、氣孔開度、光合能力、呼吸作用及香蕉終產量。結果顯示,香蕉生長於土壤水分65~80%之間,其葉綠素含量、單位葉面積乾物重、氣孔開度、光合能力最高,產量亦最高,表示適於香蕉良好生長及豐產之土壤水分域在最大容水量65~80%之間。 過乾與過濕對香蕉生長與果實發育均有不良影響。特別是在抽穗前之乾旱,將造成香蕉抽穗後之果房、果指短小,產量低落,(約對照區之30%左右),商品價值低劣。尤以乾旱處於低溫時為甚。然而過濕對香蕉所造成之濕害,遠超過於乾旱之旱害;正抽穗之香蕉經浸水一晝夜後,若未能?時在24小時內排除積水,則香蕉於浸水後第3日開始,由下位老葉萎凋黃化,果指出現暗褐色塊斑,香蕉終至枯死。表示在香蕉栽培上,蕉園排水問題極為重要,不容忽視。文中並就土壤水分多寡對香蕉葉綠素含量、單位葉面積乾物重、氣孔運動、光合作用、呼吸作用、葉片水分潛勢及假莖內水分含量之影響,加以討論。 |
英文摘要 | The effect of soil moisture on some physiological functions and yield of banana plant were investigated. The banana plant (Musa cavendishii Lambert. cv. Robusta) were grown under different soil moisture regimes: 80%, 65~70%, 50~55%, 40% and 25~30% of the maximal water holding capacity (MWHC). Results showed that banana plant grown under 65~80% of MWHC had the highest chlorophyll content, dry specific leaf weight, stomatal aperture, and photosynthetic activity, and produced the highest yield. It appeared that the optimal soil moisture regime for the growth and development of banana plant was 65~80% of MWHC. The growth of banana plant and development of fruit suffered badly either from severe water strees of wet conditions. When the water stress occurred just before shooting, the bunch and fingers became shorter and thinner, with no marketing value. Low temperature aggravated the situation. When the banana plant was kept under water-logging condition for 48 hours or longer, the leaves started yellowing immediately, commencing from the lower ones with their petiole bended, and the plant died from the wet injury eventually. It showed that drainage must be noted in the cultivation of banana crop. In this article, the effect of soil moisture on the chlorophyll content, dry specific leaf weight, stomatal movement, photosynthetic activity, respiration, leaf water potential and water content of pseudostem were discussed. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。