頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 高屏地區第二期作水稻低產之改進(2):二期稻作延遲種期之生理反應 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 戴國興; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
| 卷 期 | 102 1978.06[民67.06] |
| 頁 次 | 頁24-42 |
| 關鍵詞 | 水稻; 低產; 延遲種期; 高屏地區; 第二期作; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 高屏地區二期稻作之收成僅為一期之六成左右。據高雄改良場之綜合改進年報,認為延遲播種期可增進二期作之產量。本研究配合第一計劃,探討不同品種延遲播種期,其光合成物質及營養上之生理反應。試驗結果摘述於後: 1. 二期稻作之播種期自正常六月延到七月,其生育期縮短了1~3日;延到八月則延長了10天左右;延到九月因後期溫度太低,呈不稔狀態,幾乎無谷實可收穫。無論整個生育期延長或縮短,其營養生長期都縮短了數天。 2. 無論品種或播種期別,水稻本田期三要素之含量均以分?盛期最高,到幼穗分化期後急速降低,以後變化較少。表示三要素之吸收主要在生育前期為主。 3. 各生育期中,三要素之含量以氮最高,鉀次之,磷最少;但黃熟期後鉀超越氮之上。 4.高產及低產品種其植株磷素之含量並無差別,表示磷素並非高屏地區水稻產量之限制因子,可不必增施磷肥。 5. 鉀素在齊穗期後呈上升之趨勢,表示鉀肥宜部份作穗肥施用。 6. 齊穗期莖葉之還原醣及全醣含量高者,其產量也高,其他時期則無規則。 7. 全碳水化合物及澱粉在莖葉之變化較小,但高產者後期降低較多,表示轉移較快。至於穗部之變化,高產者谷粒充實之前期同化物聚積較快,低產者則後期較快,故增進出穗後前期(約20天)之同化量則可增高產量。 8. 若以光合成物質及氮鉀之含量,配合第一計劃之稻谷產量來看,若非其他特殊因素,以目前之品種延遲播種期擬增加二期稻作之產量,頗值商榷。因前期之高溫更縮短了營養生長期,而後期之低溫及短日照又不利於同化作用,妨礙谷粒之充實。 |
| 英文摘要 | The yield of second rice crop in south Taiwan is just about 60% of the first's. According to the report of Kaohsiung Improvement Station of Agriculture, by delaying sowing date can increase its yield. This study was in accord with the first sib-program, to discuss the physiological response of delaying sowing period in rice. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. Delaying sowing date of second rice from June to July, the total growth duration shortens 1-3 days, and to August, it postpones about 10 days. If puts it off to September, low temperature and poor day-length made ear appearing incompletely, the fertility and grain production is in poor levels. Vegetative period shortens on serval days. No matter how its total growth period is increasesd or decreased. 2. Contents of nitrogen, potash and phosphorus in straw of rice all reach the climax at active tillering stage, than abased sharply during panicle initiation stage, after it, it decreased slowly till maturity. The result reveals us the main absorption of three elements is at the earlier period of its life cycle. 3. Nitrogen keeps the highest content, potash next, and phosphorus the least in all four varieties during all growth stages. Yet, potash is superior than nitrogen after yellowing stage. 4. The content of phosphorus is equal in both high and low yield varieties in the study, it tells us that phosphorus is not the limited factor of rice production in Kao-ping area, it is enoughg in present applying amount of phosphorus. 5. Content of potash rising slowly after full-heading-stage means partial potash applying as panicle fertilizer would be good. 6. Both reducing-sugar and total sugar show highest level in full-heading-stage, it related with high yield an all varieties, but without any relation during other stages. 7. The higher yield varieties shows quicker accumulation of carbohydrate and starch in panicle during earlier period of ear maturity, while low yield varieties shows in the latter period. The former has quicker rate of translocation of assimilates in the straw, yet the latter shows slower rate. Therefore, can force the photosynthetic ability during earlier 20 days of panicle formation can increase grain yield. 8. On the view of contents of assimilate, nitrogen, potash and the grain yield of the first sib-program, it is hard to increase the yieldd of second rice by delaying sowing date. Because the high temperature of earier period shortens the vegetative growth period, and the low temperature and day-length handicaps the accumulation of assimilates. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。