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題 名 | 乾旱逆境對大豆乾物生產、分配及組織構造之影響 |
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作 者 | 廖松淵; 陳清義; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 166 1994.06[民83.06] |
頁 次 | 頁57-75 |
分類號 | 434.217 |
關鍵詞 | 大豆; 乾旱逆境; 乾物生產; 分配; 組織構造; Soybean; Drought stress; Dry matter production; Partitioning; Histological characteristics; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本系列先前之研究以獲知,長期乾旱處理對大豆氣孔型態發生、氣孔運動、光合成率及滲透調節等生理機制能之影響程度與品種之耐旱性有關。為進一步瞭解乾旱逆境對大豆組織構造及乾物生產特性之影響,本研究續就不同耐旱程度之大豆品種,利用PVF自動供水裝置,進行長期不同乾旱處哩,探討其乾物生產、分配及莖、葉組織構造之差異。供試品種包括Dah liarn、Wakashima、Native 13、AGS 62、Sanluis及66-F-4-2等六品種。 嚴重缺水情況下,各公式品種之乾物生產能力、葉面積、比葉重及乾物分配到果莢百分比均明顯下降,此下降趨勢不僅具品種間差異且與品種之耐旱性有關。如乾旱逆境對較耐旱AGS 62品種之乾物生產及分配到莢百分率之影響程度較小,對不耐旱之Native 13之影響程度則最明顯。 乾旱逆境下,大豆之葉肉細胞較短小,排列亦較緻密,導致單位葉面積細胞數目增加,細胞間隙率由不缺水株之45%降至嚴重缺水株30%。長期不同程度乾旱處理條件下,葉肉細胞間隙率與光合成率及葉片導度間均呈顯著正相關,r值分別為0.896***及0.898***,顯示葉肉細胞間隙率之變化與葉片中氣體流動阻抗關係極為密切。 嚴重缺水株之莖、葉維管組織均變少,導管口徑亦較小,顯示乾旱逆境明顯阻礙微管組織之生長與分化。供試品種中,維管束生長與分化對缺水之反應性,除具品種間性外,亦與品種之耐旱性有關。 |
英文摘要 | In previous publications, we have shown that the stomatal morphogenesis, stomatal movement, photosyntheis, and osmotic adjustment of soybean plants were affected by long-term drought treatment. In this study, six soybean varieties, i.e., Dah liarn, Wakashima, Native 13, AGS 62, Sanluis, and 66-F-4-2 were cultivated with an automatic PVF water control system and the structure of the shoot, dry matter production and partitioning were investigated. Under severe drought stress, the biomass, leaf area, specific leaf weight, and the partitioning of dry matter in pods were reduced obviously. The degrees of reduction were different among varieties and were related to their drought resistance. That is, the drought stress has less effects on the high drought-resistant variety AGS 62 and has profound effects on the drought-sensitive variety Native 13. Under drought stress, mesophyll cell became shorter and more compact, cell numbers increased on a leaflet area basis. Intercellular air space therefore was reduced from 45% of the non-stressed plant to 30% of the stressed plant. The total intercellular air space of mesophyll was positively correlated with photosynthetic rate and leaf conductance. The correlative coefficients were 9.896*** and 0.898***, respectively. This results indicated that the change of intercellular air space of mesophyll was closely related with air diffusion resistance. Under drought stress, shoot vascular tissues became smaller, vessel also became narrower. The growth and differentiation of vascular tissues were obviously inhibited. It showed that responses of vascular growth and differentiation to drought stress were different among varieties and were related to their drought resistance. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。