頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 果菜分級包裝之理論與實務 |
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作 者 | 許文富; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 92 1975.12[民64.12] |
頁 次 | 頁132-137 |
關鍵詞 | 果菜分級包裝; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
英文摘要 | Grading and Packaging have been the weaker portions of agricultural marketing in Taiwan, which is particularly the case in the field of fruits and vegetables. Up to the present, most fruits and vegetables are traded without grading. Packaging is mostly inadequate in size, and designs as well as materials of containers. However, following the intensification of urbanization and the growing weight of fruits and vegetables in the family food budget, the problems are being broadly paid attention. The purpose of this paper is to outline some important functions and principles regarding grading and packaging of fruits and vegetables, with the hope that people engaged in this filed ean gain some concepts from this. The stress of this paper can be outlined as follows: 1. Grading and packaging are two different marketing function, they create or add different utilities to the product so they should be treated independently. 2. The advantages of grading in marketing agricultural products are manifold. Firstly, consumers can easily select the suitable grades, from the viewpoint of the use of product, or of the family income. Secondly, the product can be easily distributed to the proper markets in accordance with market demand, so that the spatial orderly marketing can be realized. Thirdly, it helps pricing of product and facilitate market transaction. Forthly, it encourages producers to produce high quality product by paying the higher price. Finally, it helps enlarge the market area through the application of sample sales and descriptive sales. 3. In adequate packing materials and the bulky size packaging which add the difficulty of handling and increase marketing loss are probably the essential problems retarding the increase of marketing efficiency of fruits and vegetables. 4. The research regarding the adoption of paper caton or other adequate containers for fruits and vegetables are needed for modernization of marketing in this field. 5. Theoretically, in proceeding grading and standardization of fruits and vegetables, the following rules are to be followed. (1) Standards should be built on the estiblished preference factors for which consumers are willing to pay different prices. (2) Standards should be built on those factors which can be interpreted and measured the quality of porducts accurately and uniformly. (3) Standards should be taken consideration the ability of average producers. Too rigid standard beyond the ability of average producers is not advisable. (4) Standards should be applicable to many different users of the product. They should be meaningfull to all possible users. (5) For psychological purpose, it is preferable to use some peculiar names for different grades, instead of just using grade 1, grade 2, ects. 6. Both grading and packaging of fruits and vegetables are subjected to the principle of diminishing returns. The extent to which the grading and packaging should be done depends largely upon the stage economic development and standard of living of the society. An excessive perfomance of grading and packaging will be meaningless and, as a matter of fact, unpractical. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。