頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 農產品批發市場制度之研究 |
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作 者 | 陳新友; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 84 1973.12[民62.12] |
頁 次 | 頁78-85 |
關鍵詞 | 制度; 農產品批發市場; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
英文摘要 | 1. The necessity of establishing wholesale markets for farm products: The perishable farm products are produced on farms of very small scale scattered all over the country. They are very perishable in nature and are the basic foods of the people. Consumption and marketing of them are on a very small scale basis also. Their intrinsic value are very small and their quality differences are large. For these reasons, it is necessary to establish wholesale markets to facilitate quick transaction and formation of prices responsive to the market conditions which are changing from time to time. 2. The terminal markets of the major cities in the world: To meet the demand of the so-called mass-consumption and mass-marketing, the major cities in the world have big terminal markets for the wholesale transactions of farm products. For example, the Hunts Point Market in New York has a land area of 51 hectares; the Hamburg Terminal Market of West Germany has a land area of 25 hectares; the Milan Terminal Market of Italy occupies a land area of 60 hectares and the Greater Manila Terminal of the Pilippines occupies a land area of 120 hectares. London is moving her old covent Garden Market to the suburbs and so is ariPs. 3. Location and facilities: Some cities has only one terminal market while others have several. The number of the market has historical development. There is a general tendency to locate the terminal market in the suburbs rather than in the heart of the city in recent years. The feeding of the commodities to the market and the flow out of the commodities should also be considered in deciding the market location. Transaction halls, storage rooms. Packing equipment and parking spaces are the major facilities needed in a modern terminal market. 4. Operational entity of the market: Some markets are operated by the agency which constructed the market while some are operated by separate agencies; some are operated by government agencies, some by private institutions while others by semi-government organizations. While some markets are operated by one organization, others by two or more. 5. Calculation and collection of market fees: The market fees may be collected on an ad valorem basis, on a specific rate basis, or on a basis of the combination of the two. Theoretically speaking, the market fees should be commensurate to the value of the services provided by the market. If this concept is accepted, then not only the sellers but also the buyers should bear a certain amount of market fees because both of them are the recipients of the market services. 6. The buyers of the market: The retailers may be the buyers of the market. In addition, the intermediate wholesalers may also be the buyers. The small retailers may buy through an agent or by a joint or cooperative organization. 7. Price determination: Several methods are employed to determine the price of the commodities transacted. Auctions, bidding, direct price negotiation by the seller and buyer and posted price systems are the commonly found methods to determine the prices. Each one of these methods has the advantages and disadvantage indetermining prices. 8. Prospectives: It is a general tendency that the marketing channels of the farm products becomes bigger as the national economy grows. As the marketing firms, especially those at the retail end, becomes larger in terms of business volume, it is more likely that the retail business becomes more directly linked to the producers' market. Under these conditions, many speculate that terminal market will lose its value as the economy progresses. In the case of Taiwan where underemployment of labor still prevailing, however, it does not seem that wholesale markets will very soon disappear from the scene. For many years to come, the terminal markets seems to grow and proper continuously. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。