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題 名 | 六十年臺灣甘蔗病害之研究與防除 |
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作 者 | 朱學曾; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 77 1972.03[民61.03] |
頁 次 | 頁1-15 |
關鍵詞 | 甘蔗; 病害; 臺灣; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
英文摘要 | Among one hundred and twenty kinds of sugar cane diseases of the world, fifty four were recorded in Taiwan as shown in table 1. About the same number were also recorded in India and Natal with 58 kinds being each recorded in Australia and the Philippines. Since the publication in 1907 of a Japanese translation of a sugar cane diseases hand book Java, India and Hawii papers by the Japanese worker Mr. Kawakami, the sugar cane disease in Taiwan began to receive attention. The first research paper on cane disease in Japanese was pulished by Mr. Miyake in 1911 with the well-known title: " Studies on the Downy Mildew of Sugar Cane". Toward 1946 there had been more than sixty research papers on cane diseases pulished by Japanese workers and a total of about 130 papers of the same kind written and published by Chinese workers ever since. During a period of the past sixty years, about twelve kinds of cane diseases had been considered as the most important ones, the occurrence of which varied according to what variety of cane used and what location the cane planted. These diseases are listed in table 2. Twelve major cane diseases in addition to about twenty minor ones with their research results and measures of control in the past sixty years in Taiwan have been described in this paper. Control of cane disease is mainly dependent upon the varietal resistance, therefore, selection for varieties with disease resistance is an important task. Test of disease resistance for cane varieties has long been conducted in the Sugar Experiment Station. All new strains of cane from the breeding department are subjected to detailed test for disease resistance before they are released to field experiment. Recently, the diseases for which tests for varietal resistance are conducted are Mosaic, White leaf, Downy mildew, Red rot, Leaf blight, Smut, Leaf scorch and Yellow spot. The new strains or varieties tested are under frequent field observation for comparing thier disease resistance or susceptibility. Any strains or varieties shown susceptibility to Root rot, Purple spot, Ring spot, Brown stripe, Pakkah boeng, Cytospora sheath rot, Eye spot or Red rot of leaf sheath, etc. in the field experiment will be first eliminated. Since Pineapple disease and Ratoon stunting disease cane be controled by the fungicide or hot water treatment of the seed-cane, therefore, it is unnecessary to test the varieties for resistance to them. Poor ratoon standing has been becoming a serious problem since the past 15 years and what could be the causative agents remain in rather in rather complex conclusions. Some has pointed out that continual cropping might lead to physical and chemical depletion of the soils or so called "soil fatigue". It is also announced that the change of soil biological flora should have some thing to do with this problem. For example, the increase of Cicada (Mogannia hebes Walker) population, nematode and certain soil-borne pathogens in the soil of ratoon field might also play an important role. Up to the present time still no difinite conclusion can be drawn from the past experimental results. However, Dr. W. C. Snyder has emphasized that soil-born disease should play a major cause to this phenomenon. More efforts should be called for the research to solve of this problem from now on. |
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