頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 生物法研究殺草劑對連作蔗田減產之影響 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 吳敏慧; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
| 卷 期 | 80 1972.12[民61.12] |
| 頁 次 | 頁52-65 |
| 關鍵詞 | 殺草劑; 蔗田; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 本試驗目的有二:一、利用生物檢定法測定土壤中殺草劑之殘量與殘效,比便決定再次施用量,不但減少毒害,且合經濟原則;二、探求導致連作蔗田減產之優勢微生物與施用殺草劑之關係。 泥盤紙碟法及光電比濁法、培養綠藻與燕麥生長法所測得之結果相符,該等方法均可用作殺草劑殘毒效應試測,以供田間應用之參考。烏樹林糖廠崁子頭農場18、19地連作蔗田,其不良宿根甘蔗之根面所發現之Fusarium oxysporum及F. solani 較高產田之良好宿根或廢耕後新植之蔗根及虎爪豆根者為高,該等菌經水耕、土耕接種,證明均毒害甘蔗而影響其發芽與生長。在施用九次Atrazine之蔗田土壤中所發現之優勢菌隨Atrazine用量(8~30 ppm)之增加而茂盛,該菌亦係F. solani。此等菌株經分離再接種於不同劑量之Atrazine、Dalapon、Karmex配製之Czapek培養基面上,顯示Atrazine及Karmex分別在50及20 ppm以下有利於該等菌之生長,前者在20 ppm;後者在5 ppm時最盛。Dalapon則以10~20 ppm生長最盛,用量漸增至100 ppm,差異亦甚微。 綜上觀之,Atrazine、Dalapon、Karmex在一定低濃度下,均可促進毒害甘蔗之真菌F. oxysporum及F. solani生長,似此三種藥劑可被該等菌分解利用。施用後之土壤,其酸度增強,各pH值恰在該等菌之最適生長酸度範圍(4~6)以內,更有利於菌之繁殖。故施Atrazine與Karmex似為促進連作蔗田減產或宿根不發芽原因之一。施用此等殺草劑,不但要注意再次用量,尤應控制Fusarium之生態因子。 |
| 英文摘要 | The purpose of this experiment is twofold. (1) To determine, by Bioassy, the dosage and toxic effect of the residue of herbicides in soil in order to decide on a safe and economic level for the succeeding application; (2) To probe into the relationships between the microorganisms causing reduced yield of monocultured sugarcane and the herbicides applied. The methods of measuring the growth of algae, the soil plaque paper disc and the spectrophotographic turbidimetry, and the oat seeding method all can be used for detecting the residue of the herbicides and for reference in field application, as evidenced by almost same result obtained in herbicide tests. Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani that were found dominant on the surface of poor ratoon cane root in the monocultured cane field of Lots 18 and 19 at Kan-tze-tou farm of the Sugar Refinery at Wu-shu-lin. They were much more in number than those of good ratoon and spring planting cane root, and those on the root of mucuna capitata. These microorganisms were proved by the inoculation of water and soil culture, to be toxic to sugarcane, adversely affecting its sprouting and growth. In the sugarcane soils that were applied nine times with atrazine, fluffy mycelia were found on the surface of the soil plaque which was used for algae growth. The growth rate of this organism became greater and greater as more atrazine was applied, with heavy mycelia spreading all over the plaque when the herbicide was added up to 30 ppm. This fungus was identified as F. soladi, the same species that was also found dominant on the root surface of poor ratoon cane as mentioned above. All the three isolates growing on Czapek Dox medium containing different levels of tested herbicides, showed that dalapon, atrazine, and karmex below 100, 50, and 20 ppm. respectively could promate their growth. The greatest promation of their growth was observed at 15-20 ppm of dalapon, 20 ppm of atrazine, and 5-10 ppm of karmex. The results of soil analyses indicated that the soil amended with herbicides became more acidic within the limits of pH value of 4-6, which is favorable for the growth of the organisms. This in turn caused the retardation of the sprouting and growth of sugarcane. In applying these herbicides, attention should be paid not only to the level of residue when planning for the succeeding application, but also to the control of the ecological factors of Fusarium spp. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。