頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 花生三年來藥劑除草試驗 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 王啟柱; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
| 卷 期 | 73 1971.03[民60.03] |
| 頁 次 | 頁49-66 |
| 關鍵詞 | 花生; 除草; 藥劑; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 英文摘要 | The weeds in short-stalked crops, as peanut and soybean, are more difficultly to be controlled than those in high-stalked ones, as corn and sorghum, particularly in warm and humid areas. Some experiments of chemical weed control have been conducted in peanut since 1967, not only for the purpose of evaluating the effective herbicides, but also for the methods of their application, especially the additional weeding besides pre-emergence spray, in order to avoid the serious competition of weeds over the crop. The percentages of weed control, as compared with the unweeded check, of Prometryne, Lorox, Lasso, Ramrod, Tok E-25 and Sesone were significantly different as 88.4%, 83.5%, 81.2%, 68.1%, 62.5% and 57.2% respectively, two months after seeding. The differences among them became more significant henceforth, and their percentages of weed control were ranged as 70.7%, 56.5%, 57.5%, 51.2%, 34.8% and 17.6%, which showed the different residual effect of these herbicides on the weeds. Considering the grain yield of peanut as well as the effect of weed control, most of the herbicides, the heavy dose application was usually better than the light one, except Lorox, Tok E-25, and Simazine. Moreover, the heavy dose application could increase the grain yield by 6.8% in average, from which the maximum increment of 9.6% was due to an additional handweeding and the minimum 4.1%, without handweeding. Owing to the differnt distribution of rainfall through out a year, an interaction between the application rate and crop-season was shown markedly from the differences of herbicidal injury and grain yield. Prometryne and Lorox gave the crop some light injury in the fall-crop when the weather was occasionally dry, and it would never happen during the wet season of the spring-crop. For this reason, the grain yields of Prometryne and Lorox in the fall-crop reached only 78.4% and 72.1% of that of hand-weeded control, but they could increase to 94.8% and 103.0% respectively in the spring-crop. On the contrary, Lasso and Ramrod showed no injury to the crop, yielded higher (102.3% and 78.9%) in fall-crop than that (81.5% and 77.1%) in spring-crop. Additional weeding is quite necessary for maintaining the normal growth and yield of peanut. According to the experimental results, an additional handweeding mignt increase 49-57% of the grain yield in 1967. Applying calcium cyanamide as basic fertilizer did not have a corresponding effect of weed control. Two months after the pre-emergence spray of herbicides, using directed spray for an additional weed control could increase the grain yield by 24.5%; instead, an additional handweeding increased 50.5% in the spring crop of 1968. So the unconvenient directed spray is not recommendable. Besides the ordinary chemical pre-emergence control, using Treflan for the additional soil incorporation at the time of land preparation could increase 71.8% of grain yield, as compared with non-additional weeding. However, the additional handweeding increased even more, 108.6%, in 1968-9. Four herbicides have been evaluated during the past years to be effective for the weed control in peanut. They are Prometryne, Lorox, and Lasso for the use of pre-emergence spray, and Treflan for soil incorporation. Regarding practical applicaiton, Prometryne and Lorox are better to be applied in the spring-crop than in the fall-crop, or using a little lighter dose when the dry weather would occasionally occur. While Lasso is more favourable to be used in fall-crop, it might show better by applying a little heavier dose in the spring-crop. |
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