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題 名 | 水稻一穗重量構成因素與其他主要農藝性狀之遺傳分析 |
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作 者 | 林中茂; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 67 1969.09[民58.09] |
頁 次 | 頁21-35 |
關鍵詞 | 水稻; 農藝性狀; 遺傳; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究材料係以日本水稻品種Kusabue及本省品種嘉農242號為親本,於民國55年第一期作雜交,前者為穗數型,後者為穗重型。同年第二期作繁殖F1種子,並於56年第一期作將親本及F2個體種植於本田。田間設計係採用逢機區組設計,重覆四次。收穫時每重覆逢機取樣15株,四重複計60株,調查其一穗重量、一穗枝梗數、一枝梗小穗重、葉面積、株高、穗長以及抽穗期等七種農藝性狀。根據調查結果估算各性狀廣義的遺傳率值、有效因子數目以及兩性狀間之表型、遺傳與環境等相關係數,至於一穗重量及其構成因素間各種農藝性狀之關係及影響,?利用路徑係數分析法以闡明之。茲將分析結果摘要如下: 1. 由平均值知所調查水稻F2之農藝性狀均屬於兩親本之中間型。惟抽穗期與早熟親本的Kusabue相似,故表示早熟性為顯性。 2. 調查性狀中,除一枝梗小穗重外,其他各性狀的遺傳率值均超過50%。以株高為最大,一穗枝梗數居次,其餘依次為葉面積、抽穗期、穗長、一穗重量,而以一枝梗小穗重為最小。遺傳率值大的性狀可在F2分離早期世代?行選拔,選拔效果也大。 3. 控制水稻一穗重量和抽穗期之有效因子對數可能為三對,而葉面積、穗長、一枝梗小穗重、株高及一穗枝梗數等,?可能各為一對。惟該等性狀除受表列主效因子之支配外,可能尚受其他若干微效因子或變更因子之影響。有效因子對數愈多,要在雜交後代中選拔兩極端同質因子型之個體的機會愈少。 4. 水稻一穗重量與一枝梗小穗重、葉面積、穗長、抽穗期;一枝梗小穗重與葉面積、穗長、抽穗期;葉面積與穗長;抽穗期以及穗長與抽穗期等各性狀間之關係均為極顯著之正相關。其他各性狀間之相關則均為不顯著。 5. 由路徑係數分析得知水稻一穗重量的變異,絕大部分為一枝梗小穗重所控制,而一枝梗小穗重又受葉面積直接的正影響很大。抽穗期對一穗重量的關係,與葉面積一樣,亦具有較大的直接正影響。蓋稻葉具有同化與貯藏兩機能,故對一穗重量與一枝梗小穗重之直接正影響均大,而抽穗期係代表生育日數,生育日數長者乾物質量亦多,故與一穗重量之關係也密切。 6. 綜合上述各種農藝性狀遺傳率值、有效因子對數、相關係數及路徑係數之分析結果,可得一概念,?葉面積與抽穗期為選拔水稻一穗重量之良好指示性狀。 |
英文摘要 | The experimental materials used in this study were Kusabue (P1), Chianung 242 (P2) and their F2. The former (P1), Japanese variety, was chosen for its high tillering capacity and the latter (P2), Taiwanese variety, for its heavy panicles. The cross between two parents was made in the first crop of 1966. F1 seeds were grown in the second crop the same year to produce F2 seeds. In the frist crop of 1967, parents and F2 plants were grown in randomized complete blocks with four replications. At harvest stage, 15 plants were selected at random from parents and F2 plants in each plot and the following characters were measured: weight per panicle, number of branches per panicle, weight of spikelet per branch, leaf area, plant height, length of panicle and heading date. From these data, the heritability in the broad sense and the number of effective factors for each character studied were estimated and the phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations between two characters were also calculated, while the path coefficients were analyzed in order to find out their interrelationships among the weight per panicle, its components and other agronomic characters. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The means of various agronomic characters of F2 population in rice were generally the average of both parents except heading date which was similar to early parent, Kusabue, showing that early maturity was dominant to late maturity. 2. Heritability values in the broad sense for seven characters studied, except weight of spikelet per branch, were more than 50%, indicating high heritability values. Plant height was the highest one, others decreased in the order of number of branches per panicle, leaf area, heading date, length of panicle, weight per panicle and weight of spikelet per branch. 3. Weight per panicle and heading date were found to be controlled probably by three pairs of genes, while leaf area, length of panicle, weight of spikelet per branch, plant height and number of branches per panicle by one pair of genes. Besides these major genes, some other minor genes or modifiers may also be operative in these characters. 4. Significant positive correlations were observed between characters: weight per panicle and weight of spikelet per branch, leaf area, length of panicle, and heading date; weight of spikelet per branch and leaf area, length of panicle, and heading date; leaf area and length of panicle, and heading date; length of panicle and heading date. Others were not significant. 5. According to the path coefficient analysis, weight of spikelet per branch was the most important agronomic character influencing weight per panicle, while leaf area greatly influenced weight of spikelet per branch. Weight per panicle was also influenced by the direct positive effect of heading date. Since leaf is the organ for conducting photosynthesis and storing its product, it is quite natural that leaf area was the important factor influencing weight of spikelet per branch. As for heading date, a longer heading date, indicated a longer growing period of the rice plant. The longer the plant grows, the more dry matter it will produce. Thus, heading date also determined the weight per panicle . 6. From the analysis of data mentioned above, including heritability values, correlation coefficients and path coefficients, leaf area and heading date appeared to be the good indicators for selecting heavier weight per panicle in rice. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。