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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 土壤中不同形態磷含量與作物對於磷肥效應之關係 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 林家棻; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 69 1970.03[民59.03] |
頁次 | 頁19-32 |
關鍵詞 | 土壤; 作物; 磷含量; 磷肥效應; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 過去土壤速測多屬試驗性質(Empirical)往往適應于某種土壤而未必適應他類者,本文之目的在探討土壤中各形態無機磷含量與土壤速測所得,可抽出磷含量以及溫室玉米磷吸收量之關係,進而根據室內所得資料,探討各種土壤磷速測與田間玉米對于磷肥效應之關係,以供玉米施肥之參考。 本試驗分為室內盆栽及田間三部份進行 在玉米產區採取表土樣本30種運回臺北,在省農試所溫室內舉行盆栽試驗,每盆用土5.0kg,設無磷及施磷40mg P2O5/pot 兩處理,重複一次,各盆氮(N)與鉀(K2O)用量各為200及100 mg/pot,用玉米(臺南No.5)為指示作物在播種20及60日,從土表刈取地上物,分析其磷含量,田間試驗則在雲林、嘉義與臺南三縣選取30處舉行裏作玉米磷肥用量試驗計3平準,?50及100 kg/ha P2O5,重複四次玉米用臺南五號。 土壤樣本除pH有機物及機械分析按照省農試所土壤肥力研究室經常方法外,全磷用HClO4分解後,按照OLSEN氏法測定之,P-fraction則依照PETER與COREY修改的CHANG and JACKSEN測定法。土壤磷速測計有五法:1. BRAY P1法 (0.025 N HCl-0.03N NH4F) 2. BRAY P2法(0.1 NHCl-0.03N NH4F), 3. AL-ABBAS-BARBER P (NaOH-NaC2O4), 4. OLSEN 法(0.5M NaHCO3 at pH 8.51), 5. TRUOG 法(0.002N H2SO4 at pH 3.0 buffered with (NH4)2SO4)。 茲將所得結果摘要如下: (一)溫室玉米磷吸收量與土壤中Al-P及Fe-P含量有密切的關係,並與栽培玉米後土壤中所減少的Al-P及Fe-P有關,由此顯示土壤無機磷中Al-P及Fe-P為供應給玉米磷肥的重要來源。 (二)五種土壤速測法中BRAY P1, BRAY P2, AL-ABBAS-BARBER P. 及OLSEN P 與土壤中Al-P及Fe-P有顯著的相關而與Ca-P則無關,但TRUOG P 則與土壤Al-P, Fe-P及Ca-P均有顯著關係。 (三)溫室玉米磷吸收量與五種速測法所得抽出磷之相關係數中,以與BRAY P1, AL-ABBAS-BARBER P.及OLSEN P之相關係數最高,BRAY's P2次之,TRUOG P更次之。 (四)田間裏作玉米收量多隨磷肥用量而提高,綜合各地結果,其施用量以50 kg/ha P2O5 左右為宜。 (五)田間玉米收量百分率(P0/P100×100)與BRAY P1, AL-ABBAS-BARBER P及OLSEN P 均有顯著的相關,其中以BRAY P1最高,Yy logx=0.6765**,其?歸方程為Y=51.30+26.63 logx 公式中Y=估計玉米收量百分率,x=BRAY P1速測值。 |
英文摘要 | Soil tests for available phosphorus have been under investigation for a considerable period of time, however, many problems relating to the testing of soils for available phosphorus remained unsolved. The present investigation was conducted to study the relation between the various forms of soil P as measured by chemical fractionation, the amounts of P extracted by various chemical soil tests, the uptake of P by corn grown in the greenhouse and the yield of corn in field condition. Samples from the plow layer of 30 soils collected from cron producting area were usesd for this study. In the greenhouse experiment, each soil was cropped with eith either no added P and with 40 mg P per pot applied as Ca(H2PO4).H1P. N and K at rates of 200 and 100 mg per pot respectively, were applied at all soils. Each pot contained 5.0 Kg of soil and five corn plants were grown on it. Three of them were harvest on 20 days after seeding and the remainings were cut on 60 days after seeding. Corn tops after harvestings were analyzed for P content. Thirty locations in the corn producing area were selected for field trials after harvesting of second crop of rice. Each experiment contained three levels of P-application (0, 50 and 100 Kg/ha of P2O5) with four replications. Nitrogen (N) and potash (K2O) at rates of 120 and 100 Kg/ha, respectively, were used for each plot. Corn variety of Tainan No.5 was used throughout the experiment. Total soil phosphorus was determined after wet ashing the soil with HClO4 acid. The inorganic P fractionation analysis was determined by the procedure of CHANG and JACKSON as modified by PETER and COREY. The soil organic Pw as calculated as the difference between the total and the total inorganic fractions. Standard procedures were used for the chemical soil tests: BRAY P1 and P2 were determined by extracting 1 gm of soil with 10 ml. of 0.03N NH4F-0.025 N HCl, and 10 ml. of 0.03N NH4F-0.01 N HCl, respectively. AL-ABBAS-BARBER P was determined by extracting 1 gm of soil with 20 ml. of solution make up from 17 ml. of 0.3N NaOH and 3 ml. of 0.5 N Na2C2O4. OLSEN P was determined by extracting 2.5 gm soil with 25 ml. of 0.5 M NaHCO3 adjusted to pH 8.5 with NaOH. TRUOG P was determined by extracting 1 gm of soil with 200 ml. of 0.002N H2SO4 buffered to pH 3.0 with (NH4)2SO4. The results of this study may be summerized as follows: 1. Correlation analyses indicate that short-term uptake of of P by corn in the greenhouse was highly correlated with the amounts of Al-P and Fe-P in the soils and loss of Al-P and Fe-P from the soils after cropping of corn. It gives the fact that P-fraction in the forms of Al-P and Fe-P are important sources of phosphorus taken up by corn in these soils studied. 2. Extractable P as measured by methods of BRAY P1, BRAY P2, AL-ABBAS-BARBER and OLSEN are highly correlated with Al-P, and Fe-P in the soils, but not with Ca-P. However, TRUOG extraction gives significant correlation with Al-P, Fe-P, and Ca-P. 3. Correlation coefficients indicate that BRAY P1, AL-ABBAS-BARBER, or OLSEN extraction removes mostly Al-P, and Fe-P and gives the best measurement of P-uptake by corn plant in the greenhouse. BRAY P2 gives the second and TRUOG the least. 4. Results of field trials generaly indicated that yield of corn raised after harvesting of second crop of rice were significantly increasesd in accompany with the increase in the rate of phosphatic fertilization. The optimal applicaiton would be at the rate of 50 Kg/ha of P2O5 or so. 5. Relationships between per cent yield of cron derived from field trials and the soil phosphorus measured by either BRAY P1, or AL-ABBAS-BARBER, or OLSEN were significant. But the BRAY P1 gives the highest correlation coefficient between them. The relationship between soil-test value for phosphorus by the BRAT P1 method and the suggested P-fertilization for corn raised after harvesting the second crop of rice are given as follow: |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。