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| 題 名 | 重構五四運動:傳播、宣傳與國際行動者之角色=Reconstructing "May Fourth": The Role of Communication, Propaganda, and International Actors |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 魯道夫.瓦格納; 潘建維; | 書刊名 | 東亞觀念史集刊 |
| 卷 期 | 23 2025.12[民114.12] |
| 頁 次 | 頁3-7+9-66 |
| 分類號 | 628.263 |
| 關鍵詞 | 五四運動; 國際行動者; 公共資訊委員會; 輿論與宣傳; 全球史; May Fourth Movement; International actors; Committee on Public Information; Public opinion and propaganda; Global history; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| DOI | 10.29425/JHIEA.202512_(23).0001 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文探討五四運動與第一次世界大戰後政治傳播的媒體環境之 互動,特別關注外交官、記者、與知識分子在輿論與宣傳中的關鍵 角色,並重新審視五四運動作為全球戰後民族主義與公眾傳播實踐 的重要性。藉由爬梳檔案資料、報刊及私人書信,本文重構1915年所簽訂的《二十一條要求》至1919年五四運動期間的跨文化的互動 脈絡,分析國際傳媒、宣傳機構及中國知識菁英之交互關聯,進而 拆解過往以民族主義為中心的五四運動敘事。 五四運動的政治動員深受全球輿論與戰時宣傳觀念啟發,其核 心在於維護中國主權與應對日本威脅,中外參與者們面臨七項挑 戰,其中包括《二十一條要求》、巴黎和約爭議、國際銀行財團壓 力、阻撓日英同盟續簽與推動山東歸還等議題。1930年代的美國對 華新聞委員會亦延續此運動精神,彰顯其對中國外交與國際輿論的 深遠影響。 本文挑戰將五四運動視為單一民族啟蒙與反帝運動的傳統「大 敘事」,並揭示五四運動可被視為近代中國政治與文化變遷的重要 轉捩點,同時也是國際行動者與媒介技術影響國家決策的早期範 例。五四運動因此並非孤立的民族事件,而是全球戰後民族主義浪 潮的其中一環,其宣傳手法持續影響現代傳播政治。 |
| 英文摘要 | This article examines the interplay between the May Fourth Movement and the media environment of political communication after World War I, with particular attention to the pivotal roles played by diplomats, journalists, and intellectuals in shaping public opinion and propaganda. It reconsiders the May Fourth Movement as part of the global wave of postwar nationalism and as a significant experiment in public communication. Drawing on archival materials, newspapers, and private correspondence, the study reconstructs the cross-cultural interactions between 1915, when the “Twenty-One Demands” were issued, and the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement in 1919. It analyzes the interconnections among international media, propaganda organizations, and Chinese intellectuals, thereby challenging nationalist-centered narratives of the movement. The political mobilization of the May Fourth Movement was deeply informed by global public opinion and wartime propaganda practices, centering on the defense of Chinese sovereignty and resistance to Japanese threats. Participants in China and abroad confronted seven key challenges, including the “Twenty-One Demands,” the controversy over the Paris Peace Treaty, the financial pressures of the international banking consortium, efforts to block the renewal of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, and campaigns to restore Shandong sovereignty to China and so forth. The activities of the American Information Committee in China in the late 1930s further carried forward the movement’s spirit, underscoring its lasting influence on Chinese diplomacy and international public opinion. This article challenges the conventional “master narrative” that portrays the May Fourth Movement primarily as a national awakening and anti-imperialist campaign. It demonstrates that the movement marked a critical turning point in China’s political and cultural transformation and represents an early instance in which international actors and media technologies shaped national policymaking. The May Fourth Movement was thus not an isolated national event but part of a broader global surge of postwar nationalism, whose propaganda strategies continued to inform modern political communication. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。