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| 題 名 | 核心的親合與現象上的革命?--胡適實驗主義與中國學思傳統的關係析論=Fundamental Affinity and External Revolution?--An Analysis of the Relationship between Hu Shih's Experimentalism and the Chinese Intellectual Tradition |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 吳展良; | 書刊名 | 思想史 |
| 卷 期 | 14 2025.12[民114.12] |
| 頁 次 | 頁5-85 |
| 分類號 | 128.6 |
| 關鍵詞 | 胡適; 實驗主義; 實用主義; 科學方法; 傳統的創造性轉化; Hu Shih; Experimentalism; Pragmatism; Scientific method; Creative transformation of tradition; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 胡適的實驗主義,以最新、最好的科學方法為名,為中國帶來了學思 方法的革命,並構成其「盡量世界化」或「全盤西化」主張的重要基礎。 然而與此同時,如學界所知,胡適實驗主義在很多地方卻又親合於中國的 傳統學術思想。這種革命性與親合性並存的現象,要求我們深入去研究它 是在何種層面上的親合及何種層面上的革命?學界之前對胡適實驗主義之 於中國傳統的親合或革命關係,已有不少研究,卻不免偏於單方面而且角 度多歧,所以難以回答此一問題。本文企圖系統化地探究胡適實驗主義的 核心要素與中國傳統的關係,並同時說明其親合性與革命性並存的緣故。 筆者發現,胡適實驗主義的主要核心要素,包括實效主義、否認絕對 真理、重歷史的態度、變化不已的世界觀、自然主義一元論以及生物機體 主義均與中國學思傳統有親密的關係。是以胡適的實驗主義,雖然一方面 號稱最科學、最先進也最革命,一方面卻從核心處親合於中國古老悠久的 學思傳統,並由之而接上最新的思想。他雖企圖引進最先進的西方科學方 法,卻排斥作為西方學術、文明與現代科學重大源頭的理性論傳統,並明 顯地傾向經驗論。這現象既出於歷史文化的自然傳承,也出於胡適個人的 主觀選擇。是以由他所引發的中國現代學術思想史上的「革命」,可能並 非如一般所認為地如此西化與反傳統,反而在很大的程度上,同時是中國 傳統的一個「創造性轉化」。 |
| 英文摘要 | The experimentalism of Hu Shih (1891–1962), in the name of the latest and leading scientific method of the time, catalyzed a revolution in Chinese learning and thought, as well as forming the foundation of his advocacy for “wholesale Westernization” (quanpan Xihua). But on the other hand, Hu’s experientialism is in many respects affined to the tradition of Chinese academic thought. The coexistence of these seemingly incompatible facets compels us to further apprehend to what degree it is affined and likewise revolutionary. The above components of his experimentalism have been the subject of much scholarly research, but remain difficult to reconcile due to most studies being one-sided or divergent in their perspectives. The present paper thus explores the relationship between the core elements of Hu’s experimentalism and the Chinese tradition in a more systematic approach to illustrate its level of affinity and revolutionary nature. The paper finds that the core elements, including pragmatism, the denial of absolute truth, an emphasis on historical thinking, and a worldview defined by incessant change, naturalistic monism and organicism, all draw from a traditional way of thinking and worldview. In this way, the experimentalism of Hu Shih, despite claiming to be the most scientific, most advanced, and most revolutionary, at its core continues many of the oldest traditions of Chinese thought, and links them to the newest ideological trends of the time. While attempting to introduce the most advanced Western scientific methods, he instead drew clear demarcations within the philosophical traditions that are the source of Western civilization and scientific thinking—especially rationalism. All of these phenomena owe to the natural passing down of history and culture as well as Hu’s own subjective choices. The “revolution” in the history of modern Chinese academic thought triggered by Hu may thus not have been as Westernized and anti-traditional as is commonly believed, but to a large extent, is a rebirth and transformation of tradition. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。