頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 漢字衍化、分期與聲韻考辨--以「單」為例=Evolution and Phonological Analysis of Chinese Characters: A Case Study of "單" |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 董忠司; | 書刊名 | 聲韻論叢 |
| 卷 期 | 35 2025.12[民114.12] |
| 頁 次 | 頁1-150 |
| 分類號 | 802.4 |
| 關鍵詞 | 漢語上古音聲母; 古文字分時段研究; 單字聲系; 音義衍化; 聲隨義變; Initials of Old Chinese; Periodization of Chinese paleography; Phonetic series of 單; Evolution of pronunciation and meaning; Sound change with meaning; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 本文認為漢語上古音的研究,應該以「徵實」為主軸,建議對於諧聲字的研探、漢字各聲系的音義關係,宜堅持細部考察與「聲系分時段研究法」。因此以「單」字聲系為例,把「單」字聲系65個字位,循文字義項及其音讀、釐清其168字條,以《廣韻》《集韻》為基礎,重視出土文物上的殷周甲骨、鐘鼎文字,重加考證。將舊日茫昧的「單」字,確立其本形、本義與淵源,然後才把「單」及其聲系各個合體字的「音-義」,細分其時期並說明其衍化緣由。接著建立〈單字及其合體字的形音義衍化表〉與〈「單」聲系衍化簡表〉以及音義相關之表格與「枝狀圖」,以呈現「時間能定位」之演化系統,便可觀察其音讀軌跡。嗣後,再專就當時的甲骨文、金文加以研析。發現當時諧聲字大部分都有「聲隨義變」的現象,這種「音變」,大多為聲母方面的小幅度變化(例如變動一個「辨音徵性」);不過,依漢語中古音而言,也有類似「一等舌尖塞音」變為「三等舌面塞擦音」的「較大」幅度現象,這是重要的上古音訊息。本文建議:這類工作,若合眾力匯聚所有漢字各聲系字,互相參證,系統整理,應該會有更多聲母和介音成分方面、比較確實的上古音訊息,可以免除許多猜測與虛構,使上古音研究走上更徵實的道路。 |
| 英文摘要 | This paper argues that research on Old Chinese phonology should center on "empirical evidence", advocating a detailed examination of xiesheng characters (諧聲字) and the phonological-semantic relationships within Chinese character phonetic series, while adhering to a "Phonetic Series Diachronic Segmentation Method". Taking the "單" phonetic series as an example, this paper analyzes 65 character slots in the series, clarifying 168 entries based on their semantics and pronunciations, using the Guangyun and Jiyun as foundations, while prioritizing evidence from excavated artifacts like the oracle bone scripts and the bronze inscriptions for additional verification. This paper first establishes the original form, basic meaning, and etymology of the historically obscure "單" character in terms of form, sound, and meaning. Only then does it trace the phonosemantic evolution of "單" and its compounds across periods, identifying and explaining the reasons for their evolution. Next, a "Table of Form-Sound-Meaning Evolution for '單' and its compounds" is constructed, with a simplified evolution table for the "單" phonetic series, along with several related phonology-semantics tables and "branching diagrams" to illustrate the "time-positioned" evolutionary system. The paper focuses on the tangible evidence that exists in oracle bones and bronze inscriptions. This preliminary study concludes that such period-specific examination of phonetic series compounds reveals that most exhibit "sound follows meaning" changes. These meaning-driven sound changes are mostly minor initial shifts (e.g., a single "phonetic feature" alteration); however, in Middle Chinese terms, some involve major shifts, like a first-grade retroflex stop becoming a third-grade palatal affricate-critical clues for Old Chinese phonology. The above character evolution and phonology analysis represents only a preliminary probe of the "單" series. Aggregating all phonetic series for cross-verification and systematic collation should yield more reliable Old Chinese phonological data, reducing speculation on initials and medials beyond rhymes and tones, thus advancing empirical Old Chinese phonology research. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。