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| 題 名 | 從歧視到行動--三個日本博物館的當事人實踐與展演=From Discrimination to Activism: Performative Practices of Three Japanese Museums |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 陳佳利; 黃淥; | 書刊名 | 博物館學季刊 |
| 卷 期 | 40:2 2026.04[民115.04] |
| 頁 次 | 頁7-34 |
| 專 輯 | 博物館行動主義專題 |
| 分類號 | 069.7 |
| 關鍵詞 | 日本博物館行動主義; 社群參與; 部落民歧視; 反迫遷運動; 工業污染與水俁病; Museum activism in Japan; Community participation; Discrimination against Burakumin; Anti-eviction movements; Industrial pollution and Minamata disease; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| DOI | 10.6686/MuseQ.202604_40(2).0001 |
| 中文摘要 | 近年來,隨著國際博物館學界對博物館行動主義之提倡,面對困難歷 史、持續的社會歧視與環境公害,日本的博物館如何超越中立展示,積極 介入公共議題並推動社會行動?其中,受歧視的團體與社群在蒐藏與教育 推廣上,又扮演什麼角色?本文首先回顧並分析國際間博物館行動主義的 理論發展與核心價值,探討其如何重塑博物館的定義、組織文化與社會責 任,並選擇日本的水平社博物館、Utoro 和平紀念館與水俁病歷史考證館為 個案,分析在地社群如何回應對族群的歧視、壓迫與當代反迫遷及工業污 染議題,並透過展演式行動主義挑戰污名與歧視、促進社會關係轉化與公 共理解的生成,實踐應報式正義。 本研究透過文獻與展示分析,並結合田野參訪、館員與當事人訪 談,發現前述三館皆同時透過展覽揭示弱勢群體所面臨的歷史性歧視,並 配合教育活動與導覽等方式推動社會倡議及擴展公共參與;尤為關鍵的 是,三館的建立與營運皆深度依賴當事人、家屬與運動團體的自主投 入,從史料蒐集到展覽詮釋均保有當事人的聲音與觀點,並讓他們以導覽 員或對談者身份直接與觀眾交流,不僅提升了展示的真實性與倫理性,也 營造了同理、理解與對話的空間,促使觀眾更深刻地認識歧視與壓迫的結 構性根源。然而,隨著當事人高齡化及議題日益久遠,如何尋求年輕世代 的參與並轉譯相關記憶,將歷史課題與當代議題連結並思考更多行動參與 方案,以持續吸引民眾的興趣與關注,也成為博物館永續經營的考驗。 |
| 英文摘要 | In recent years, the international museum community has advocated museum activism. The aim of this study is to explore how Japanese museums have transcended neutral exhibitions to actively engage in public issues and promote social action in the face of difficult histories, ongoing social discrimination, and environmental pollution. Additionally, the roles that discriminated groups and communities play in collections and educational programs are discussed. First, the theoretical development and core values of museum activism globally are reviewed and analyzed, to explore how they have reshaped the definition of museums and their organizational culture and social responsibility. Three museums in Japan were chosen as case studies: Suiheisha History Museum, Utoro Peace Memorial Museum, and Minamata Disease Museum with analysis of how local communities respond to ethnic discrimination, oppression, and contemporary issues related to anti-eviction movements and industrial pollution. Through activism, these museums are challenging stigmas and discrimination, promoting social relationship transformation, and generating public understanding to pursue restorative justice. Literature review and exhibition analysis were conducted, combined with field visits and interviews with museum staff and affected individuals. Based on the findings, all three museums reveal historical discrimination faced by marginalized groups through their exhibitions. They also promote social initiatives through educational activities and guided tours to expand public participation. Crucially, the establishment and ongoing operation of these museums rely heavily on the active and autonomous involvement of affected individuals, their families, and activist organizations. From the collection of historical materials to exhibition interpretation, the voices and perspectives of those directly concerned are preserved, and they engage directly with visitors as guides or dialogue participants. This approach not only enhances the authenticity and ethical grounding of the exhibitions, but also creates spaces for empathy and dialogue, while providing audiences with a deeper understanding of the structural roots of discrimination and oppression. However, as affected individuals age and these issues recede further into the past, engaging younger generations—by translating these memories, linking historical experiences to contemporary concerns, and envisioning new forms of participatory action—has become a critical challenge for maintaining public interest and attention, as well as the long-term sustainability of activist museums. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。