頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 清人的蘇軾論體文批評與歷史人物論寫作=The Criticism of Su Shi's Argumentative Essays and the Writing of Historical Essays in the Qing Dynasty |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 諸雨辰; | 書刊名 | 人文中國學報 |
| 卷 期 | 40 2025.06[民114.06] |
| 頁 次 | 頁323-347 |
| 分類號 | 845 |
| 關鍵詞 | 清代; 蘇軾; 論體文; 評點; 寫作; Qing Dynasty; Su Shi; Argumentative essay; Commentary; Writings; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 蘇軾散文的經典化歷程在明清時期發生變化。清代文人不再延續晚明文人對蘇軾的崇敬態度,轉而與蘇軾平等對話,從而在文法、知識、義理等層面深化了明人對蘇軾論體文的分析。清代自下而上的蘇文接受以習舉業者爲主,他們總結出蘇文中“無中生有”“兩扇法”等實用文法,從而爲八股文寫作服務;自上而下的蘇文接受則以《唐宋文醇》等官方散文選本爲代表,乾隆君臣凸顯了忠義等君臣關係的訓誡。這兩種蘇文經典化路徑都有工具化特點,容易導向對文人的馴服。作爲知識精英的士大夫則既在義理方面衡量蘇軾的思想,又藉由對“道”與“勢”的思考反思文人命運。但其評價標準與自我選擇仍面臨被扭曲的危險,或者陷入“攻乎異端”的是非二元論,或者淪爲爲達目的而隱忍苟且。然而,文士們回應蘇軾觀點的歷史人物論,卻探索了理性思辨的深度。清人在歷史人物論中反思了攻乎異端、弱者有德、成王敗寇、固執大義等非理性觀念。這些具有反思性的人物論在清代文化傳統中頗具理性價值。 |
| 英文摘要 | The canonization of Su Shi's writings changed during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Qing literati no longer continued the reverent attitude of the late Ming literati toward Su Shi, but conversed with him on an equal footing, thus deepening the Ming readers' analysis of Su Shi's writings in terms of rhetoric, knowledge, and Confucian principles. In the Qing Dynasty, the bottom-up reception of Su Shi's writings was dominated by those who studied for the imperial examinations. They extracted some practical composition techniques from Su Shi's writings, such as "making something out of nothing" and the "two-paneled structure," to be used in the writing of the eight-legged essays. The top-down reception of Su Shi's writings was dominated by the official literary anthologies represented by Tang Song wen chun, in which the Qianlong Emperor emphasized the admonition of loyalty and righteousness in the ruler-subject relationship. Both of these paths to canonization are characterized by the instrumentalization of Su Shi's writings, which can easily lead to the taming of the literati. As intellectual elites, the scholars not only measured Su Shi's thoughts in terms of Confucian morality, but also reflected on the fate of the literati by thinking about "Dao" and "power." However, their evaluation standards and self-selection are still in danger of being distorted, falling into the binary opposition between orthodox and heresy, or compromising their principles achieve an end. However, by responding to Su Shi's viewpoints in their essays on historical personages, the literati opened up the dimension of rational reflection. In these essays, the Qing scholars reflected on irrational concepts such as attacking heresy, the virtue of the weak, the winner writes the story, and standing firm in morality. These reflective historical essays had a rational value in the cultural tradition of the Qing dynasty. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。