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| 題 名 | 遺民之眼:劉辰翁〈嗣漢三十六代天師簡齋張真人墓誌銘〉的天師書寫與道教述評=A Loyalist's Gaze: An Exploration of the Heavenly Master's Representation and Daoist Commentary in Liu Chenweng's Muzhiming for the 36th Heavenly Master |
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| 作 者 | 賴潤泉; | 書刊名 | 中國文學研究 |
| 卷 期 | 59 2025.02[民114.02] |
| 頁 次 | 頁213-253 |
| 分類號 | 794.66 |
| 關鍵詞 | 墓誌銘; 張宗演; 張天師; 劉辰翁; 遺民; 龍虎山正一派; Muzhiming; Zhang Zongyan; Zhengyi Daoism; Heavenly master; Liu Chenweng; Loyalist; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| DOI | 10.29419/SICL.202502_(59).0006 |
| 中文摘要 | 宋末元初江西龍虎山正一派三十六代天師張宗演(1244-1291)是龍 虎山在 元代興起的關鍵人物,因此過去的歷史敘述都強調張宗演與元廷的緊 密關 係。 然而,現存中最早記載張宗演生平的資料──由同代人劉辰翁(1232-12 97)所 撰的〈嗣漢三十六代天師簡齋張真人墓誌銘〉,儘管其敘述視角大異於史傳 的記 載,卻一直未有得到注意。值得詢問的是,親近元廷的宗教領䄂為何要向宋 遺民 劉辰翁請銘?劉辰翁對張宗演的敘述如何呈現了當時另一種有別於歷 史主 流的 敘述視角?作為遺民,劉辰翁又如何看待入元後極受榮寵的宗教領袖和教派? 本文旨在討論這篇墓誌銘的文化意義,揭示出劉辰翁的寫作如何有 意無意 地透現出遺民視角。論文首先分析龍虎山向遺民劉辰翁請銘的緣由以 交代 墓誌 銘的誕生脈絡,指出龍虎山之所以向劉辰翁請銘,除了基於私人關係外,也 出於 龍虎山與江西文人的交往網絡。其後,為了顯示出此墓誌視角與主流 論述 的差 異,本文檢視歷代史傳文獻敘述張宗演時的敘述角度和立場,揭示出 主流 視角 反覆強調龍虎山、張宗演與元廷的緊密聯繫。最後,本文精讀〈張真人墓誌銘 〉, 發掘文章中曖昧幽微的遺民視角。劉辰翁強調龍虎山與元廷不和諧的 一面 、將 龍虎山視為比喻為一個可供宋遺民避秦的地方、有意無意地暗示龍虎山與「漢」 文明傳承的關係,而其對道教的看法,也反映了遺民慕道的處境和心態。因 此, 劉辰翁在〈張真人墓誌銘〉中的敘述,或多或少折射了他的遺民意識。 |
| 英文摘要 | Zhang Zongyan 張宗演 (A.D. 1244-1291), the 36th Heavenly Master 天 師 of the Zhengyi lineage 正一派 at Longhushan 龍虎山 in Jiangxi, was instrumental in elevating Longhushan’s status under Yuan rule. While most historical narratives underscore his close ties with the Yuan court, the earliest surviving source ─ “Sihan Sanshiliu Dai Tianshi Jianzhai Zhang Zhenren Muzhiming” 嗣漢三十六代天師簡齋 張真 人墓 誌銘 (“Muzhiming for Master Zhang Zongyan, the Thirty-Sixth Heavenly Master in the Daoist Lineage of Han Succession”) by Liu Chenweng 劉辰翁─presents a contrasting view yet has been largely overlooked. This article investigates the cultural significance of Liu’s muzhiming 墓 誌 銘 (gravesite memorial inscription), illustrating how his text, deliberately or otherwise, conveys a loyalist 遺民 outlook shaped by the fall of the Song dynasty. This article’s discussion begins by exploring why Longhushan entrusted Liu Chenweng, a noted Song loyalist, with composing this muzhiming. I argue that, beyond personal connections, the commission arose from the monastery’s engagement with Jiangxi literati networks. Subsequently, I compare Liu’s depiction of Zhang Zongyan with mainstream histories, which predominantly focus on Zhang’s rapport with the Yuan court. A close reading of the muzhiming then reveals Liu’s nuanced stance: he highlights latent friction between Longhushan and the Yuan authorities, symbolically portrays the mountain as a refuge for Song loyalists, and subtly aligns the sect’s legacy with “Han” civilization. Liu’s commentary on Daoism likewise reflects the psychological and cultural predicament of the loyalist seeking spiritual solace after dynastic collapse. Through this analysis, the muzhiming emerges as a valuable text that reflects Liu Chenweng’s loyalist consciousness and offers an alternative perspective on the evolving interplay between political power and religious authority in the early Yuan period. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。