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| 題 名 | RSV感染在長照機構的挑戰與預防=Challenges and Prevention of RSV Infection in Long-Term Care Facilities |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 蔡雅雯; 蔡佳芬; 賴志政; 薛博仁; | 書刊名 | 長照感染預防控制雜誌 |
| 卷 期 | 3:1 2024.06[民113.06] |
| 頁 次 | 頁11-20 |
| 分類號 | 415.23 |
| 關鍵詞 | 人類呼吸道融合病毒; RSV引發相關急性呼吸道感染; RSV疫苗; 疾病負擔; 長照機構感控措施; Respiratory syncytial virus; RSV; Respiratory syncytial virus-associated acute respiratory infection; RSV-ARI; RSV vaccine; Disease burden; Prevention control in long-term care facility; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 人類呼吸道融合病毒 (Respiratory syncytial virus , RSV) 是常見的季節性呼吸道病毒,對於 年長者有顯著的健康威脅,由於 RSV 初期症狀與普通感冒相似,不易引起重視。特別在長期照 護機構中,年長住民由於免疫力低下和多重共病且病毒傳染性強,使該族群特別容易受到 RSV 感染,引起從輕度上呼吸道感染到嚴重呼吸衰竭。有效預防和控制 RSV 在長照機構的傳播需 要採取多管齊下措施:包括加強手部衛生、使用個人防護裝備、設置獨立空間供疑似感染者暫 留觀察、強化照護者的感控觀念、定期清潔和消毒高頻接觸區域、建立健康監測制度等,皆有 助於採取控制措施,及早阻斷傳播鏈;此外,疫苗接種亦是預防 RSV 感染的重要策略。2023 年,美國和歐洲疫苗監管單位分別批准兩種針對老年人的 RSV 重組蛋白疫苗 (Pre-F protein vaccine),2024 年 5 月美國另批准屬於 mRNA 疫苗的第三種 RSV 疫苗,三種疫苗皆顯示高效 的保護作用,建議針對高風險群體(如:長照機構居民)進行接種,以降低重症和死亡風險,減 輕呼吸道病毒感染對老年人及整個社區的影響。 |
| 英文摘要 | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common seasonal respiratory virus that poses a significant health threat to the elderly. The early symptoms of RSV infection are often similar to those of the common cold, leading to underestimation. This issue is particularly acute in long-term care facilities, where residents are more susceptible to RSV infection due to weakened immune systems and the underlying health conditions, coupled with the high transmissibility of the virus. Infected individuals can experience a spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infections to severe respiratory failure. Effective prevention and control of RSV transmission in long-term care facilities require a multi-faceted approach. Enhanced hand hygiene is crucial, involving regular and thorough hand washing to prevent the spread of the virus. The appropriate use of personal protective equipment, such as masks and gloves, is necessary to minimize transmission. Establishing dedicated spaces for the temporary isolation of suspected cases can prevent cross-infection. Strengthening infection control training for caregivers is essential to enhance their awareness and practices. Regular cleaning and disinfection of high-touch areas are vital to reduce the viral load on surfaces. Additionally, implementing health monitoring systems for early detection and prompt response to respiratory symptoms among residents is crucial. Moreover, vaccination is a critical strategy in preventing RSV infection. In 2023, regulatory agencies in the United States and Europe approved two RSV recombinant protein vaccines (Pre-F protein vaccine) for the older adults. In May 2024, the U.S. also approved a third RSV vaccine, an mRNA-based vaccine. All three vaccines have demonstrated high efficacy in providing protection. In conclusion, addressing the challenges of RSV in long-term care facilities requires comprehensive preventive measures and vaccination strategies to protect vulnerable elderly populations and mitigate the community impact of respiratory infections. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。