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| 題 名 | 清華簡所見戰國時代「書同文」的嘗試=Standardizing Chu Scripts: Insights from the Tsinghua Manuscripts on Pre-Qin Writing Unification |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 肖芸曉; | 書刊名 | 饒宗頤國學院院刊 |
| 卷 期 | 11 2024.09[民113.09] |
| 頁 次 | 頁77-112 |
| 分類號 | 796.8 |
| 關鍵詞 | 楚簡; 戰國文字; 書同文; 清華簡; 書手; Chu script; Pre-imperial scribal culture; Standardization; Tsinghua Manuscripts; Epistemological practices; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 戰國文字形體多變,但宏觀上的富於變化並不代表秦以前的書寫中完全不存在規範與標準。通過檢視清華簡中特定書手的書寫習慣,本文認為一部分戰國中晚期書手存在明確的消除文字異體、小範圍內統一字形的嘗試,是秦代以後大範圍「書同文字」工作範式的雛形。具體而言,〈尹至〉書手(下文稱書手A)書寫的十一篇竹書的製造背後存在明確的統一字形的意圖:這些筆跡相同的文獻類別不同、時代或早或晚、源流各異的竹書中,卻存在大量常用字寫法統一的現象,說明它們在轉寫過程中必然存在一個統一文字異體的編纂過程。簡言之,儘管戰國文字多變,但此時的書寫不應被描述為全無規則與制約,而是在大環境整體上不斷變異的背景下,也存在書寫個體將文字、典籍標準化的明確意圖與實踐;但與秦代「書同文」政策的實際成效相似,儘管所論竹書在「正字形」方面效果顯著,在「正用字」、「正用語」方面則無明顯的嘗試。 |
| 英文摘要 | “Shu tong wenzi” 書同文字, or the “standardization of graphs and characters,” has long been deemed one of the most far-reaching cultural legacies of the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–207 BCE): the creation and implementation of the reform of the script system resonated with the new empire’s political and ideological agenda, and its influence was ubiquitous. In contrast, in the Warring States (453–221 BCE) period, the vast graphic fluidity and orthographic changeability is an intrinsic and pervasive feature in all kinds of pre-Qin writings. However, after examining eleven Tsinghua manuscripts written by the same hand, this study proposes that although it is not exhaustive, the preimperial manuscripts’ orthographic consistency shows that scribal or scholarly actions were indispensably taken to regulate the previous orthographic irregularities, unify the varied graphic forms, and present the characters in a surprisingly consistent manner. This observation encourages us to reflect on the nature of the scribal culture in the Warring States: as the growing community of texts kept proliferating and subsequently generated more textual variants, tremendous efforts were also made to ensure that the texts were stable and standardized, at least on some very basic local or even personal level. Pragmatically, as a more standardized script system creates immediacy and transparency in communication in the written form, it greatly boosted convenience and efficacy in both the administrative system and epistemological praxis. Finally, the pre-imperial endeavors of script standardization bespeaks that the culmination of the Qin empire’s “shu tong wenzi” policy was not something entirely novel and unprecedented—it emerged from a vibrant preimperial scribal culture, and was accomplished through a variety of scribal, scholarly, and editorial techniques and technologies. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。