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頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 肺炎鏈球菌疫苗與呼吸道融合病毒疫苗=Respiratory Vaccines-II: Pneumococcal and RSV Vaccines |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 林冠吟; | 書刊名 | 內科學誌 |
| 卷 期 | 36:6 2025.12[民114.12] |
| 頁 次 | 頁381-386 |
| 分類號 | 418.293 |
| 關鍵詞 | 成人呼吸道疫苗; 肺炎鏈球菌疫苗; 呼吸道融合病毒; 年長族群; 高風險族群; 重症與住院風險; Adult respiratory vaccines; Pneumococcal vaccines; Respiratory syncytial virus; Elderly population; High-risk group; Risk of severe disease and hospitalization; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| DOI | 10.6314/JIMT.202512_36(6).04 |
| 中文摘要 | 肺炎鏈球菌與呼吸道融合病毒是成人常見的呼吸道病原體。肺炎鏈球菌感染臨床表現從 呼吸道感染到菌血症等侵襲性疾病,65歲以上與免疫低下者為高風險族群。台灣自公費疫苗 推行後侵襲性疾病下降,但因成人疫苗覆蓋率偏低及非疫苗血清型上升,疾病再度增溫。新 一代高價數疫苗可涵蓋更多流行血清型,並以單劑完成接種,提升免疫效益與施打便利性。 呼吸道融合病毒在幼兒與長者可引起嚴重的下呼吸道感染,且慢性疾病與免疫抑制者的重症 機會高。新型的呼吸道融合病毒疫苗能有效降低住院與重症風險,並已建議用於75歲以上及 具高風險之50-74歲成人。 |
| 英文摘要 | Streptococcus pneumoniae and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are major respiratory pathogens responsible for significant morbidity among adults, especially older individuals and those with chronic medical conditions. Pneumococcal infections range from non-invasive illnesses, such as community-acquired pneumonia, to severe invasive diseases including bacteremia and meningitis. Adults aged 65 years and older, as well as immunocompromised persons, are at the greatest risk of complications. In Taiwan, although invasive pneumococcal disease initially declined after the introduction of government-funded vaccination, recent years have shown a resurgence due to low adult vaccination coverage and the rise of non-vaccine serotypes. Higher-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, which cover more circulating serotypes and can be administered as a single dose, offer enhanced immunogenicity and improved convenience for older and high-risk adults. RSV is another important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in both young children and the elderly. While many healthy adults experience mild, self-limited symptoms, older adults—particularly those with chronic heart, lung, kidney, or metabolic diseases, or those who are immunosuppressed—face markedly increased risks of hospitalization, respiratory failure, and death. The development of new RSV vaccines targeting the prefusion F protein marks a major advancement in preventing severe disease. Clinical trials have demonstrated that these vaccines significantly reduce RSV-related hospitalizations and severe outcomes. Current recommendations support vaccination for adults aged 75 years and older and for high-risk adults aged 50-74 years. Strengthening pneumococcal and RSV vaccination coverage based on individual risk can substantially reduce severe respiratory infections and improve adult respiratory health. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。