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| 題 名 | 綠色新政下歐盟與中國之競合研究:以電動車產業為例=A Study on the Competition and Cooperation between the EU and China under the Green New Deal: The Case of the Electric Vehicle Industry |
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| 作 者 | 張福文; | 書刊名 | 淡江國際與區域研究 |
| 卷 期 | 6:5 2024.12[民113.12] |
| 頁 次 | 頁55-89 |
| 分類號 | 447.21 |
| 關鍵詞 | 歐盟綠色新政; 2050淨零排放; 碳邊境調整機制; 電動汽車; 反補貼稅; EU Green New Deal; Net zero 2050; Carbon boundary adjustment mechanism; Electric vehicles; Countervailing duty; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 2019年歐盟公布「歐洲綠色新政」,擬主導低碳永續經濟發展,並在 2050淨零排放目標下,將於2035年停售燃油車;為達成前述目標,大力推 廣電動汽車。而中國是全球第一大碳排國,近年同樣為達脫碳目標,大力 發展綠色產業,2009年開始透過補貼政策發展電動車,形成包含控制原材 料供應鏈及生產製造等的上下游整合產業模式;不僅是全球電動汽車的最 大生產出口國,亦為歐盟的第一大電動汽車進口國。歐盟綠色新政是個多 層次的議題,欲達成全球氣候倡議既需與中國合作,更需進口大量電動汽 車以完善碳排目標;但中國電動汽車的傾銷,卻也威脅到歐盟的風險分散 及產業自主原則。 本文研究認為,當2022年美國推出的降低通膨法(IRA),欲以其達 成美國2030年的氣候政策目標,雖已排除中國進入美國市場,卻也造成歐 盟在吸引全球綠能產業投資發展上的競爭壓力。因此,目前歐盟在綠色新 政原則下,一方面透過對中國電動汽車課徵反補貼稅,但另一方面仍想完 成去風險又不脫勾的合作,達到最有利於歐、中共同完成淨排的願景。然 此動態競合的進程,未來發展還有待持續關注。 |
| 英文摘要 | In 2019, the European Union announced the “European Green Deal,” aiming to lead the development of a low-carbon and sustainable economy. Under the goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, the EU plans to ban the sale of fuel-powered vehicles by 2035 and is vigorously promoting electric vehicles to meet this target. China, the world’s largest carbon emitter, has also been aggressively developing green industries in recent years to achieve its decarbonization goals. Since 2009, China has been advancing its electric vehicle sector through subsidy policies, establishing a vertically integrated industry model that includes the control of raw material supply chains and manufacturing. As a result, China has become the world’s largest producer and exporter of electric vehicles and the EU’s top source of electric vehicle imports. The European Green Deal is a multi-layered issue; in order to achieve global climate initiatives, cooperation with China is necessary, and the EU must import a large number of electric vehicles to meet its carbon reduction targets. However, the dumping of Chinese electric vehicles also threatens the EU’s principles of risk diversification and industrial autonomy. This study suggests that the United States’ Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), introduced in 2022 to achieve its climate policy goals for 2030, has excluded China from the U.S. market but has also increased competitive pressure on the EU in attracting global green energy industry investment. Therefore, under the principles of the European Green Deal, the EU is simultaneously imposing anti-subsidy tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles while seeking to de-risk but not decouple from cooperation with China, aiming for a vision where both the EU and China can jointly achieve net-zero emissions. However, the development of this dynamic competitive-cooperative process remains to be closely monitored in the future. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。