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| 題 名 | 學校運動意外事故法律風險與管理策略--以風險管理策略理論為觀點=Legal Liabilities and Management Strategies for School Sports Accidents--A Perspective Based on Risk Management Strategies Theory |
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| 作 者 | 許振明; 陳建文; 陳長宙; | 書刊名 | 淡江體育學刊 |
| 卷 期 | 28:1 2025.06[民114.06] |
| 頁 次 | 頁1-42 |
| 分類號 | 584.338 |
| 關鍵詞 | 侵權; 損壞賠償; 民法; 民事責任; 國家賠償; Tort; Damage compensation; Civil Code; Civil liability; State compensation; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| DOI | 10.6976/TJPE.202506_28(1).0001 |
| 中文摘要 | 緒論︰運動本身潛藏風險,有來自參與者、教育訓練與指導及運動設施等過失,體育從業人員或學校被告以侵權與損害賠償之法律責任與訴訟案件頻仍,涉及的或有民法、刑法或行政法等法律問題,可能有民事、刑事或國家賠償等責任。過失含括疏忽、義務和注意標準、因果關係等基本原則,一般侵權行為成立有「加害行為」、「侵害權利或利益」、「因果關係」、「不法」、「故意或過失」等要件,在法律上或有免責可能,惟遭判刑或賠償案件亦不在少數。所以,學校體育從業人員對於運動意外事故面對的法律風險與責任,應具備知能並研擬對策防範於未然。方法︰基於上述,本文透過文獻分析探討學校運動意外事故之成因與過失類型、運動意外事故中體育從業人員與學校的法律責任與適用,並就風險管理策略理論解析運動意外事故之法律風險管理策略。結果︰學校運動意外事法律問題發生與種種過失情事有關,學校與體育從業人員可透過避開、預防與降低、保留與共擔以及轉移等策略進行風險管理。結論︰避開、預防與降低、保留與共擔以及轉移可為學校運動意外事故法律風險管理的有效策略,有關策略建議與具體作為,期提供中央與地方政府、學校組織與體育行政單位、體育教師、運動教練、活動負責人、場地設施管理等行政人員、學生與選手及教職員工等運動參與者,在校園運動意外事故法律風險管理之實務策略應用之參考。 |
| 英文摘要 | Introduction: Sports participation entails potential risks, and there have been ongoing reports of sports accidents on campuses. These accidents may be caused by negligence from different related aspects, including participants, educational training and guidance, and environmental conditions such as sports facilities. As a result, schools or sports-related personnel often need to face legal liabilities and litigation cases from allegations of tort and claims for damage compensations. They are held accountable for civil, criminal, or administrative liability, which involve legal issues regarding the Civil and Criminal Code. Negligence encompasses fundamental principles such as neglect, duty, standard of care, and causation. In general, the establishment of a tortious act requires essential elements like "damaging behavior," "breach of rights or interests," "causation," "illegality," and "intentions or negligence." Some situations might exempt one from legal liabilities; however, cases involving compensation or criminal sentencing are also quite common. Hence, related personnel should possess basic knowledge about the risks associated with school sports accidents and the potential legal issues that may arise so that preventive measures can be taken. Moreover, this knowledge enables them to handle sports accidents appropriately and respond to potential legal issues cautiously. Method: For the reasons mentioned above, this paper analyzes the literature to engage in investigations and analyses based on the causes and types of negligence in school sports accidents, the legal liabilities of school stakeholders in sports accidents, and the legal issues and management strategies regarding injuries in school sports. Results: The occurrence of legal problems related to school sports accidents is linked to various negligence incidents, and schools and sports practitioners can manage risks through strategies such as avoidance, prevention and reduction, retention and sharing, and transfer. Conclusion: Avoidance, prevention and reduction, retention and sharing, and transfer can be effective strategies for the legal risk management of school sports accidents, and the relevant strategy suggestions and specific actions are intended to provide reference for the application of practical strategies for the legal risk management of school sports accidents between the central and local governments, school organizations and sports administrative units, physical education teachers, sports coaches, activity leaders, venue and facility management administrators, students, athletes, faculty and staff and other sports participants. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。