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| 題 名 | 甲金文中「咸」字詞性之考察=A Study of the Grammatical Categories of the Character '咸' in Oracle Bone and Bronze Inscriptions |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 呂曉韻; | 書刊名 | 雲漢學刊 |
| 卷 期 | 50 2025.09[民114.09] |
| 頁 次 | 頁1-49 |
| 分類號 | 802.62 |
| 關鍵詞 | 咸; 狀態動詞; 非賓格動詞; 時間副詞; 語法化; Xian; Stative verb; Unaccusative verb; Temp oral adverb; Grammaticalization; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 「咸」是傳世文獻中常用的虛詞,一般學者將其定位為範圍副詞,意義為「都」、「皆」、「全」。事實上,「咸」字在殷商卜辭時代早已出現,多作為動詞或時間副詞使用,表示某個事件進行完成。從商周青銅器銘文發現,「咸」字的狀態動詞「完成」義保留至西周中期,出現單字成句之特殊現象,並且具有「當事賓語+咸」與「施事主語+咸+受事賓語」使動交替的語法功能,符合非賓格動詞的條件。另外,由於文體的差異,「咸」在卜辭與銘文中的動詞性質與内涵有所不同,從金文中可知,西周早期「咸」字意義開始逐漸虛化,包含著「完成」與「皆」之綜合義。「咸」字同時在甲骨、金文中發展出時間副詞用法,本文以為「咸」字由動詞虛化為時間副詞的因素有二:一為語法條件,其句法位置位於動詞前所致;二為語義特徵,與其為完成體(perfect aspect)屬性相關。至於「咸」字的範圍副詞用法,大都出現於春秋戰國時期。本文從歷時角度查考,探析「咸」字在先秦時期,由動詞、時間副詞至範圍副詞的語法化過程。 |
| 英文摘要 | The character xian (咸) is frequently used as a function word in transmitted literature, commonly identified by scholars as a scope adverb meaning "all," "every," or "entirely." However, xian first appeared in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang dynasty, where it was primarily used as a verb or temporal adverb indicating the completion of an event. Evidence from bronze inscriptions of the Shang and Zhou periods shows that this stative verbal meaning of "completion" persisted until the mid-Western Zhou period. During this time, xian occasionally appeared as a single-character sentence and exhibited a causative alternation between the structures "theme+xian" and "agent+xian+patient," meeting the criteria of an unaccusative verb. Furthermore, due to stylistic differences between oracle inscriptions and bronze inscriptions, the verbal usage and semantic connotations of xian varied across these two text types. In early Western Zhou bronze inscriptions, the character xian began to undergo semantic bleaching, gradually developing a dual meaning that encompassed both "completion" and "all." In both oracle bone and bronze inscriptions, xian also developed a temporal adverbial function. This paper argues that the grammaticalization of xian from verb to temporal adverb was influenced by two main factors: (1) syntactic position-its placement before the main verb. (2) semantic properties-its association with the perfect aspect. The usage of xian as a scope adverb largely emerged during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. This study adopts a diachronic perspective to examine the grammaticalization process of xian from verb to temporal adverb to scope adverb in pre-Qin texts. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。