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| 題 名 | 古文獻中「烝」訓「眾」義探源=An Exploration of "Zheng" Interpreted as "Zhong" in Ancient Exegesis |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 何贊勝; | 書刊名 | 東華漢學 |
| 卷 期 | 41 2025.06[民114.06] |
| 頁 次 | 頁37-80 |
| 分類號 | 802.632 |
| 關鍵詞 | 登; 烝; 眾; 動賓結構; 動詞名詞化; Deng; Zheng; Zhong; V-O structure; Nominalization; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 本文欲解釋在《詩》毛《傳》、鄭《箋》與《書》孔《傳》等故訓 中,「烝」可訓作「眾」(眾多義)的成因。透過分析《詩經》和《尚 書》中「烝」字辭例的句法位置,指出其「眾」義在定中結構(如「烝 民」、「烝徒」)中最為明確。而且「烝」所修飾的對象,基本都是屬 人名詞。再歸納前人對「烝」有「眾」義的分析,指出「眾」義並非「烝」 字的諸義項所直接引申。朱駿聲指出「烝」、「眾」假借,雖可通讀部 分辭例,但是在脫離「烝徒/民」構詞後,「烝」、「眾」幾無互訓或 異文代換。本文贊同楊樹達說,在其釋「登人」為「徵召人眾」的基礎 上,將「登人」與後世「烝民、烝徒、烝人」作聯繫。甲骨文「登人」 由動賓結構名詞化之後,可轉指稱為動詞的受事論元―即「所徵召的 人」,並在後來的傳世文獻中,被記錄為「烝民、烝徒」等形式。由於 在甲骨文中,動詞「登」(徵)的賓語為複數群眾,因此推斷動賓結構(「登人」)在名詞化後,仍保留原來賓語的複數徵性。換言之,文獻 中所用「烝」字、與甲骨「登」字皆非本字,所記錄的是「徵」一詞。 因為「徵」也帶有「積累」的語義徵性,積累的結果是「群聚、成眾」, 因此「所徵召的人眾」在語境中也能表述「眾多」義,因而在文獻中的 名詞組「烝徒/烝民/烝人」便被可訓解作「眾人」,進而產生出「烝, 眾也」一類的訓詁。一旦脫離語境、以及「動賓/定中」句法結構的條 件,「烝」就難以表述「眾多」義。此種假設可說明「烝」的「眾多」 義,在文獻中為何侷限於修飾屬人名詞,且不具備能產性。 |
| 英文摘要 | This study aims to explore the interpretation of Zheng (烝) as Zhong (眾) in ancient Chinese exegesis, including Mao’s Commentary, Zheng’s Commentary, and Kong Anguo’s Commentary on the Book of Documents. First, by analyzing the syntactic position of Zheng (烝) in related sentences from the Book of Songs and the Book of Documents, this study points out that its meaning as Zhong (眾, “the masses”) is most evident when Zheng functions as an attributive in fixed structures (e.g., Zhengmin 烝民, Zhengtu 烝徒). Moreover, the head nouns in these phrases predominantly denote human collectives. Second, this study summarizes predecessors’ analyses of Zheng interpreted as Zhong and aligns with Zhu Junsheng’s argument in Shuowen Tongxun Dingsheng that their relationship stems from loan characters (假借), i.e., homophonic borrowing. Third, drawing on the verb phrase Dengren (登人, “recruiting people”) in oracle bone inscriptions, this study deduces that the nominalization of V-O structures catalyzed the semantic shift. The grammaticalization of Dengren into noun phrases like Zhengmin or Zhengtu led to the reanalysis of “recruiting” (verb) as “the masses” (noun), driven by the plural human objects of Deng (登). These findings suggest that syntactic reanalysis played a pivotal role in semantic evolution within ancient Chinese exegesis. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。