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| 題 名 | 中國大陸社會信用理論與制度批判=Criticism of Social Credit Theory and System in Mainland China |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 曾建元; | 書刊名 | 中華行政學報 |
| 卷 期 | 35 2024.12[民113.12] |
| 頁 次 | 頁7-38 |
| 分類號 | 563.1 |
| 關鍵詞 | 信用; 社會信用; 社會控制; 大數據; 電子極權主義; Credit; Social credit; Social control; Big data; Digital totalitarianism; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| DOI | 10.6712/JCPA.202412_(35).0001 |
| 中文摘要 | 中華人民共和國於2014年9月9日由國務院頒布《社會信用體系建設規劃綱要(2014-2020年)》,該綱要指出,社會信用體系建設的主要目標是:到2020年,社會信用基礎性法律法規和標準體系基本建立,以信用信息資源共享為基礎的覆蓋全社會的徵信系統基本建成,信用監管體制基本健全,信用服務市場體系比較完善,守信激勵和失信懲戒機制全面發揮作用。然後宣稱要在政務誠信、商務誠信、社會誠信和司法公信建設取得明顯進展,使市場和社會滿意度大幅提高。徵信系統和信用監管體制的完成,意味著中華人民共和國的運用現代科學技術和行政管理制度建立的社會信用體系硬體設施以及管理機制的就緒,社會信用基礎性法律法規和標準體系基本建立和守信激勵和失信懲戒機制全面發揮作用,則表示政府部門或社會組織已擁有法律上的權力,運用大規模的監控系統,包括採用臉部辨識及巨量資料分析技術所得的社會信用資料,對於民眾生活日常行為進行監控與評分,給予激勵和處罰。中華人民共和國宣稱社會信用體系的建置,本旨在完善信用制度,以建立誠信中國,本文則質疑其存在概念的偷換,使社會信用的概念已遠離信用的意義與精神,故而乃擬由信用概念著手,檢視與批判社會信用的理論體系與制度設計。 |
| 英文摘要 | The People's Republic of China promulgated by the State Council on September 9, 2014 the Planning Outline for the Construction of the Social Credit System (2014-2020). The outline pointed out that the main objectives of the construction of the social credit system are: by 2020, basically having established fundamental laws, regulations and standard systems for social credit, basically having completed a credit investigation system covering the entire society with credit information and resource sharing at the basis, basically having completed credit supervision and management systems, having a relatively perfect credit service market system, and giving complete rein to mechanisms to encourage keeping trust and punish breaking trust. Then it declared that it would make clear headway in the construction of sincerity in government affairs, commercial sincerity, social sincerity and judicial credibility, and a substantial rise in market and social satisfaction levels. The completion of the credit investigation system and the credit supervision and management systems means that the hardware facilities and management mechanisms of the social credit system established by the People's Republic of China using modern science and technology and administrative management systems are in place. Moreover the basic establishment and integration of fundamental laws, regulations and standard systems and the full functioning of mechanisms of encouraging keeping trust and punishing breaking trust means that government sectors and social organizations have the lawful power to use large-scale monitoring systems to collect social credit information through facial recognition and big data analysis technology to monitor and score the daily life behaviors of the public, and give them incentives and punishments. The People's Republic of China claimed that the establishment of a social credit system was originally aimed at improving the credit system to establish a credible China. This article questions where there is a conceptual change, which makes the concept of social credit far away from the meaning and spirit of credit. So it is intended to start with the concept of credit, examines and criticizes the theoretical system and the institutional system design of social credit. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。