頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 國家發展之教育年數與國民所得公平的探索暨教育年數對國民所得的貢獻=An Exploration of the Equity of Education Years and Income in National Development, and the Education Years' Contribution to Income |
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| 作 者 | 張芳全; | 書刊名 | 市北教育學刊 |
| 卷 期 | 75 2025.06[民114.06] |
| 頁 次 | 頁1-40 |
| 分類號 | 551.25 |
| 關鍵詞 | 人類發展指數; 吉尼係數; 教育年數; 國民所得; Human development index; Gini index; Years of education; National income; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 本研究目的在分析不同發展程度國家的教育年數與國民所得分配 之公平，並探討教育年數對國民所得的貢獻。從聯合國開發署（2023） 蒐集 2000 年至 2020 年 180 個四類發展程度國家的資料，透過吉尼係 數及迴歸分析顯示：2000 年至 2020 年 180 個國家及四類發展國家的教 育年數與國民所得之吉尼係數持續下降，代表教育年數與國民所得分 配愈來愈公平。全球教育年數與國民所得公平分配改善呈現同步趨勢， 然而國民所得公平分配改善幅度略比教育年數公平慢。2000 年至 2020 年四類發展國家的教育年數對國民所得貢獻不高，高度人類發展國家 教育年數擴充過量，反而讓經濟發展遲緩。然而 180 個國家的教育年 數對國民所得提升有明顯貢獻。極高與高度人類發展國家教育普及與 趨於飽和，教育的邊際效益下降，這些國家應朝著課程品質改善著手； 尤其高度人類發展國家出現過量教育與學用落差，導致教育年數增加， 稀釋教育的經濟效益；中度及低度人類發展國家教育的邊際效益仍高， 應持續教育年數擴充，提高國民接受教育量，進而提升國民所得。 |
| 英文摘要 | This study aims to analyze the equity of income distribution in relation to years of education across countries at different levels of development, and to explore the contribution of education to national income. This study collected data from 180 countries across four levels of human development from 2000 to 2020, as categorized by the United Nations Development Program (2023). Using Gini index and regression analysis, the findings showed that both years of education and national income inequality declined steadily across the 180 countries and four types of developing countries during the two decades, indicating more equitable distribution of income over time. The number of years of education around the world showed a synchronized trend with the improvement in the equitable distribution of national income, but the rate of improvement in the equitable distribution of national income was slightly slower than that in the number of years of education. From 2000 to 2020, the contribution of the number of years of education to national income in the four types of developing countries was not high, while the number of years of education in highly human development countries expanded excessively, which in turn slowed down economic development. However, in 180 countries, the number of years of education made a significant contribution to the increase in national income. Education is becoming more widespread and saturated in countries with extremely high and high human development, and the marginal benefits of education have diminished. Those countries should prioritize improving the quality of education curriculum. In particular, the phenomenon of overeducation and education-employment mismatch in those countries has diluted the economic return of increased years of education and contributed to slower economic growth. Conversely, in countries with medium and low human development, the marginal benefits of education are still high. Continued expansion of years of education and the amount of education received by the people in these countries can raise the level of national income. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。