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| 題 名 | 評刑法第319條之4不實性影像罪=Comment on the Crime of Synthetic Sexual Images in Article 319-4 of the Criminal Code |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 王立欣; | 書刊名 | 執法新知論衡 |
| 卷 期 | 21:1=41 2025.06[民114.06] |
| 頁 次 | 頁59-90 |
| 分類號 | 585.44 |
| 關鍵詞 | 性影像; 性隱私; 不實影像; 人格權; 深度偽造; Sexual images; Sexual privacy; Synthetic images; Personality rights; Deepfake; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 科技發展通常是兩面刃,自出現 Deepfake 深偽技術之後,改變了「眼見為憑」 的認知,利用此技術在政治、社會新聞製造假消息,再加上社群媒體的放大效應, 對選舉、民心、文化造成極大影響,尤其深偽技術產出不少移花接木的合成裸照或 色情影片,開啟許多從前無法想像的應用,引發諸多問題。近年行政院為因應性暴 力犯罪,採取一系列防制及保護措施,且鑒於數位資訊科技與人工智慧之發達及運 用,利用電腦合成或其他科技方法製作不實性影像嚴重侵害他人權利,故於 2023 年 增訂刑法第 319 條之 4 不實性影像罪,以期強化對於相關犯行之規制;惟在本次修 法前,性影像之散布或虛構等行為並非全無刑罰可以適用,在未通盤檢討保護隱私 之規範結構前,即單獨強化有關性私密影像之處罰,且不論是真實或不實性影像,遭批評可能淪為「現象立法」,故究竟有無增訂本罪之必要性,值得探究。本文認 為以電腦合成之不實性影像以假亂真,對被害人造成巨大且難以抹滅之傷害,散布 此類影像不具憲法保障言論自由之價值,且現行法規針對類此行為亦僅係勉為適用 而已,並未切合侵害核心及保護意旨,故以外國立法概況為基礎,主張本罪具有獨 立立法之必要性,並說明本罪保護之法益應為人格權,以此出發解釋構成要件及提 出未來修法建議。 |
| 英文摘要 | Technological development is usually a double-edged sword. Since the emergence of Deepfake technology, the perception of “seeing is believing” has been changed. The use of this technology to create fake news in political and social news, coupled with the amplification effect of social media, has had a great impact on elections, public sentiment, and culture. In particular, deepfake technology has produced many synthetic nude photos or pornographic videos that have been altered to open up many previously unimaginable applications, leading to a multitude of problems. In recent years, the Executive Yuan has adopted a series of prevention and protection measures in response to crimes of sexual violence. In view of the development and application of digital information technology and artificial intelligence, the use of computer synthesis or other technological methods to produce inaccurate sexual images seriously infringes on the rights of others, and therefore, the crime of synthetic sexual images were added to the Criminal Code by Article 319-4 in 2023, with the aim of reinforcing the regulation of related offenses; however, prior to the current amendment, acts such as the distribution or fabrication of sexual images were not completely unheard of. However, prior to this amendment, the dissemination or fabrication of sexual images was not completely free of penalties, and it is worthwhile to explore whether there is a need to create this crime because the penalties for private sexual images have not been strengthened without a comprehensive review of the normative structure for the protection of privacy and have been criticized as possibly degenerating into “phenomenon-describing legislation” regardless of whether the images are real or inaccurate. In this paper, we believe that computer synthesized inaccurate images can falsify the truth and cause great and indelible harm to the victims, and the dissemination of such images does not have the value of constitutional protection of freedom of speech, and the existing laws and regulations are only barely applicable to such behavior, and do not meet the core of the infringement and the purpose of protection. Therefore, based on the general situation of foreign legislation, we advocate that this crime has the necessity to be legislated independently, and explain that the legal interests protected by this crime should be personality rights. Based on this, we explain the constituent elements and propose future amendments to the law. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。