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| 題 名 | 「獄空」與「修獄」--論宋代獄記書寫的兩大主題="Empty Prisons" and "Prison Repairs" on the Two Main Themes of Prison Records Writing in the Song Dynasty |
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| 作 者 | 黃宗智; | 書刊名 | 中國文學研究 |
| 卷 期 | 58 2024.07[民113.07] |
| 頁 次 | 頁85-132 |
| 分類號 | 820.9 |
| 關鍵詞 | 獄記; 記體文; 宋代文學; 獄空; 修獄; Prison records; Commemorative writing; Song dynasty literature; Empty prisons; Prison repairs; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| DOI | 10.29419/SICL.202407_(58).0003 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文以宋代始有的「獄記」書寫為探討對象,論述「獄」作為「必要之惡」的空間所內涵的弔詭與張力,由此擴充、延展對宋代獄政及記體文的認識面向。雖然傳統中國設置監獄之意,並非將其作為服刑的場所,只是定罪前暫時羈押的「看守所」,然而實際上入獄者甚少能無事出獄,拷問以求取口供更是司法蒐證的重要手段。因此「獄」作為令人忌諱害怕的嫌惡設施,其理想狀態是閒置不用,存在一種內在衝突,興建、修繕與否更擺盪於理想與現實的拉扯。所謂「獄記」為記錄興建、修繕或清空監獄所作之記,本文分節討論其兩大主題:「獄空」及「修獄」。首先在「獄空」作為國家祭祀儀式的政治作用及天人感應論盛行的時代背景認識下,論述獄空涵納「陰陽和氣的象徵」及「政治清明的圖景」兩種意義層面;再論述獄記在回應「修獄」與「無訟」的扞格時,以官吏仁民愛物的實踐作為解釋,既不願放棄追求獄空的理想,又藉由修獄以展現治才、護善化惡。透過獄記書寫的探討,本文認為獄記反映了宋代知識分子在時代環境下對政治改革與實踐的用心、對於獄政的思考與爭辯,及對當地風土民情的認識。相較歷史學界對獄訟刑罰、獄空制度的興趣,本文以獄記文學為材料,更著重於書寫者及主事者的精神層面,包括「獄空」的價值位階與理想性質、「修獄」的行為解釋與人道關懷,試圖闡述宋代文人在理想與現實的拉扯之間,顯現的仁心與人性。 |
| 英文摘要 | This paper focuses on the writing of "prison records" (yù jì 獄記). These texts, which emerged during the Song dynasty, discussed the paradoxes and tensions inherent in the existences of prisons, spaces that were depicted as being a "necessary evil." This study extends and broadens our understanding of the Song dynasty's penal policies and commemorative writing. Although traditional Chinese prisons were not designed as places of punishment but as temporary detention centers before sentencing, few inmates were ever released without incident. Torture to extract confessions was also an intrinsic method of the judicial process. Therefore, prisons were seen as despised and feared facilities that would ideally remain unused. This created an inherent conflict, such that discussions about the construction or renovation of prisons oscillated between the tension of ideals and reality. So-called "prison records" were written accounts documenting the construction, renovation, or clearance of prisons. This article explores two major themes in these records: "empty prisons" (yù kōng 獄空) and "prison repairs" (xiū yù 修獄). The first part discusses the political function of "empty prisons" records under the influence of state rituals and the prevailing doctrine of cosmic resonance, suggesting two layers of meaning: "the symbolic harmony of yin and yang" and "the image of a just and enlightened government." The second part examines how the prison records responded to the dilemma between "prison repairs" and "no litigation," (wú sòng 無訟) explaining it through the benevolence and care of officials for the people. These records reflect the ideal of pursuing "empty Prisons" while simultaneously demonstrating administrative talents through prison repairs, protecting the virtuous and reforming the wicked. By analyzing the writing of prison records, this paper argues that these texts minor Song intellectuals' earnest political reform efforts, their reflections and debates on penal policies, and their understandings of local customs and practices. Compared to historical studies that focus on penal punishment or the "empty prisons" system, this study, using prison record writings as its source, places greater emphasis on the mental and spiritual dimensions of both the texts' authors and the officials involved in overseeing prisons. This includes the idealistic nature and value hierarchy of "empty prisons" and the humane interpretations and explanations behind "prison repairs." The study attempts to elucidate how Song literati navigated the tensions between ideals and realities, demonstrating their compassion and humanity. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。