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| 題 名 | 發生交通事故逃逸罪保護法益之省思=Reflections on the Legal Interests Protected by the Crime of Hit-and-Run |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 黃惠婷; | 書刊名 | 警學叢刊 |
| 卷 期 | 56:1=276 2025.03[民114.03] |
| 頁 次 | 頁79-99 |
| 分類號 | 585.31 |
| 關鍵詞 | 即時救護; 維護交通安全; 釐清法律責任; 明確性原則; 罪刑相當原則; Immediate medical aid; Maintenance of traffic safety; Clarification of legal liability; Principle of legal clarity; Principle of proportionality in punishment; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 刑法第185 條之4 有即時救護、維護交通安全與釐清事故責任的綜合保護法益, 但刑法第294 條有義務遺棄罪對無自救力人施以救助,本罪有疊床架屋之嫌。行為人 開車自撞或財損也有交通安全的疑慮,本罪維護交通安全的理由不充足。為了釐清事 故責任要求事故當事人應通知警察機關,然警察處理交通事故前會先確認駕駛人是否 有酒駕或施用毒品,通知警察的義務間接地強制自證己罪。由逃逸一詞衍生出事故當 事人負有綜合作為義務,為一般人所無法理解與預見,有違法律明確性原則。事故當 事人僅履行部分作為義務或離開現場後反悔,無法適用中止犯規定,也無減刑規定, 故基於罪刑相當原則,建議本罪增訂特殊中止犯及訂定「情節輕微者」減免其刑。於 本罪未再次修法前,建議實務判決將作為義務視為逃逸行為的量刑標準。 |
| 英文摘要 | Article 185-4 of the Criminal Code has the comprehensive legal protection of immediate rescue, maintenance of traffic safety, and clarification of accident responsibility. However, Article 294 of the Criminal Code addresses the crime of abandonment of duty to assist those unable to help themselves, which creates a potential overlap between the two laws. When a person crashes their car or causes property damage, traffic safety concerns may arise, which are not sufficient to justify the article. The obligation to notify the police to clarify accident responsibility is established, but before handling traffic accidents, the police often first check whether the driver is under the influence of alcohol or drugs. This obligation to notify the police indirectly forces self-incrimination. The term "escape" implies a comprehensive duty of action for the parties involved in the accident, which is difficult for the general public to understand or foresee, potentially violating the principle of legal clarity. If the parties involved in the accident only fulfill part of their duties or regret leaving the scene later, the provisions on attempted offenses do not apply, and there is no provision for sentence reduction. Therefore, based on the principle of proportionality of crime and punishment, it is recommended to amend this article to include special provisions for attempted offenses and to reduce or exempt punishment for "minor circumstances." Until this article is revised again, it is recommended that judicial practice consider the fulfillment of duties as a standard for sentencing in cases of escape. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。