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| 題 名 | 士不能為知己用--談〈報任少卿書〉與〈太史公自序〉的自棄態度與身體轉換=How Writing Rebuilds the Value of the Literati: Discussing the Attitude of Self-Abandonment and Transformation of Body in "Letter in Reply to Ren Shaoqing" and "Taishi Gung Preface" |
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| 作 者 | 蔡松廷; | 書刊名 | 中國文學研究 |
| 卷 期 | 57 2024.02[民113.02] |
| 頁 次 | 頁1-49 |
| 分類號 | 610.11 |
| 關鍵詞 | 報任少卿書; 太史公自序; 體用觀; 認同譜系; 以文為體; Letter in Reply to Ren Shaoqing; Taishi Gung Preface; Body-function perspective; Identity lineage; Writing as reconstructing a man's body; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| DOI | 10.29419/SICL.202402_(57).0001 |
| 中文摘要 | 司馬遷之所以創作《史記》歷來已有諸多討論,但「著述」為何成為文人困阨時的共同選擇?筆者認為必有某種隱喻繫聯。故本文希望以「身體」為思考進路,重新探討司馬遷作《史記》的意義與功用。首先,回顧時人對於身體的態度,身全/身毀對應的是用/不用的體用關係。司馬遷作為受刑之人,便無法以殘缺之身承載士的理想,並在其行文中時時流露出自棄態度。再次,雖說為社會所棄,司馬遷仍盡力從歷史中找尋安身處,梳理出受辱之人、司馬家族與經典聖賢的身體認同譜系,三種身分在司馬遷身上疊映,而聖賢藉著述以解憤懣的途徑,也成為了司馬遷選擇的道路。最後,從書籍與身體的譬喻思考,著述成為了文人藉寓理想的身體。因此,司馬遷在精神上可以脫去受辱的身體,重新藉《史記》實現士人理想,不僅完成史官責任,也達到了經典聖賢的高度。就長遠來看,司馬遷與《史記》的體用關係也在後人的建構中,讓「以文為體」的選擇成為文人困阨時的自解之道。 |
| 英文摘要 | The reasons behind Sima Qian(司馬遷)'s creation of Shiji(《史記》)have long been discussed, but the question of why "writing" became an outlet commonly used by literati in times of distress remains to be examined. This paper hypothesizes that there must be some sort metaphorical association underlying this choice, and thus attempts to use the metaphor of the "body" as a pathway towards understanding as it reexamines the significance and function of Sima Qian's Shiji. First, this article puts people's attitudes towards the human body in retrospective, looking at how the intact/destructed body corresponded to the valued/useless person. As a person subjected to punishment that left him with a damaged body, Sima Qian could not embody the literati ideal, and he frequently took an attitude of self-abandonment in his writing. Secondly, this paper points out how, although he was abandoned by society, Sima Qian still tried his best to find a place for himself in history, mediating a lineal identity that negotiated his own disgrace, the legacy of the Sima family, and the lore of the classic sages. These three identities overlapped in Sima Qian himself. Moreover, the sages of old became a means for Sima to relieve his pent-up feelings in writing, in addition to modelling a path he chose to follow. Finally, this paper considers the metaphorical relationship between books and the body, and suggests that we might regard writing providing the literati with the ability to create a "new body" that represents embodiment of ideals. This approach would have allowed Sima Qian to spiritually shed his disgraced body and realize the literati ideal via Shiji. Not only would he thus have fulfilled his duty as a historian, he also would have reached the heights of the classic sages. Throughout history, the relationship between Sima Qian and Shiji was built upon by later generations, allowing "writing as a body" to become a way for literati to achieve self-reconciliation in in times of distress. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。