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| 題 名 | 自由水面蒸發公式研發及臺灣水庫蒸發水量估計=Establishing Free-water Evaporation Formula and Estimating Reservoir Evaporation in Taiwan |
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| 作 者 | 陳憲宗; 陳姵蓁; 潘詠瑄; | 書刊名 | 農業工程學報 |
| 卷 期 | 70:4 2024.12[民113.12] |
| 頁 次 | 頁17-30 |
| 分類號 | 328.1113 |
| 關鍵詞 | 自由水面蒸發; 蒸發皿; 邊壁效應; 區域化公式; 水庫蒸發量; Free-water evaporation; Evaporation pan; Side wall effect; Regional formula; Reservoir evaporation; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| DOI | 10.29974/JTAE.202412_70(4).0002 |
| 中文摘要 | 本研究以PenPan V2模式與PenPan V3模式的空氣動力與輻射能量平衡理論,探討臺灣十個氣象站的A型及20公分蒸發皿的蒸發量成因與比例。由分析結果得知,A型蒸發皿的邊壁效應占27%,自由水面蒸發量為皿蒸發量的73%;20公分蒸發皿的邊壁效應占58%,自由水面蒸發量為皿蒸發量的42%。本研究結合兩蒸發皿的月蒸發量及邊壁效應影響比例資料,推估無邊壁效應下的自由水面蒸發量,並建立利用皿蒸發量推估自由水面蒸發量的簡便回歸公式,亦即將A型皿蒸發量乘以0.74、將20公分皿蒸發量乘以0.54,可得到自由水面蒸發量估計值。為推估未有皿蒸發觀測之地點的自由水面蒸發量,本研究採用全天空日射量及氣溫資料,建立區域化自由水面蒸發推估公式。本研究進而利用區域化公式,估算臺灣水庫的自由水面蒸發深度及蒸發體積,對於水庫水資源及水平衡的掌握,提供簡便且精確的水庫蒸發量估計值。 |
| 英文摘要 | This study used the aerodynamics and energy balance theories to investigate the pan evaporation. PenPan V2 Model and PenPan V3 Model were applied to estimate the evaporation from the Class A evaporation pan and the 20-cm evaporation pan, respectively, at 10 stations in Taiwan. Analysis results revealed that for the Class A evaporation pan, the aerodynamics and radiation contribute 22% and 78% of the evaporation rate, respectively; for the 20-cm evaporation pan, the aerodynamics and radiation contribute 25% and 75%, respectively. The study estimated the influence of side wall effect on the evaporation and inferred that the free-water evaporation accounts for 73% of total evaporation measured by the Class A evaporation pan and 42% by the 20-cm evaporation pan, with side wall effect contributing 27% and 58%, respectively. This study used monthly pan evaporation data and side wall effect ratios from both evaporation pans to estimate the free-water evaporation without side wall effect. A simple method to estimate the free-water evaporation is to multiply the observations of the Class A evaporation pan by 0.74, and to multiply the observations of the 20-cm evaporation pan by 0.54. This study further developed three regional free-water evaporation formulae by utilizing the solar radiation and air temperature. These regional formulae were applied to estimate the free-water evaporation from major reservoirs in Taiwan. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。