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| 題 名 | Using Calorimetric Analysis Experiment and Fire Dynamics Simulator to Reconstruct a Nursing Home Fire Scene=運用熱量分析實驗和火災動態模擬軟體(FDS)重建護理之家火災情境 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 劉一中; 許育彰; 翁羚榛; | 書刊名 | 農業工程學報 |
| 卷 期 | 70:2 2024.06[民113.06] |
| 頁 次 | 頁14-29 |
| 分類號 | 548.316 |
| 關鍵詞 | 護理之家; 聚氨酯床墊; 火災動態模擬軟體; 避難弱者; 熱量分析實驗; Nursing home; Polyurethane mattresses; Fire dynamics simulator; FDS; Evacuating vulnerable people; Calorimetric analysis; |
| 語 文 | 英文(English) |
| DOI | 10.29974/JTAE.202406_70(2).0002 |
| 中文摘要 | 本研究以台灣死傷最嚴重新營醫院北門分院附屬護理之家火災為例,採集起火物[聚氨酯床墊(含泡棉及外覆套2種)]為樣本,以每分鐘2℃的溫升速率,進行熱分析實驗,獲得溫度在100℃至600℃範圍內,釋放最大熱釋放率分別為1,692(Jg⁻¹)及7,498(Jg⁻¹)外,再利用最新的FDS version 6.8.0版本的火災動態模擬軟體(Fire Dynamics Simulator, FDS)重建火災現場,得知濃煙藉由天花板上空間漫延下降,並在274秒內,人員逃生可視距離(能見度)已降至10 m以下,易造成無法判別其避難路徑受困於火災現場。本研究根據避難逃生路徑及救災動線劃分為四區域(Route 1:病房、起火點,Route2:門診區,Route 3:護理之家,Route 4:護理之家和辦公室),而在罹難者最多Route 3,發現一氧化碳濃度於351秒達到1,400 ppm,並瞬間成長至7,000 ppm,其二氧化碳濃度於616秒內達到5%以上,氧氣濃度約516秒降至12%以下,顯示短時間內足以造成人員死亡,此電腦模擬結果與官方火災原因調查鑑定書相符。因此,建議原有合法建築物除應重新檢視防火避難設施和消防設備外,機構也應使用具有防火等級以上之寢具。 |
| 英文摘要 | This study takes the severe fire incident at the affiliated nursing home of the Beimen Branch of Sinying Hospital in Taiwan. Polyurethane mattresses (including foam and cover) were collected as samples for calorimetric analysis experiments at a heating rate of 2 ℃ per minute. The experiments revealed maximum heat release rates of 1,692 (J/g) and 7,498 (J/g) for the samples within the temperature range from 100 ℃ to 600 ℃. Using the latest version, 6.8.0, of the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) code to reconstruct the fire scene, we found that smoke spread downward through the ceiling to space above the ground. Within approximately 274 seconds after fire ignition, visibility had decreased to less than 10 meters. This study divided the area into four zones based on evacuation routes and disaster response pathways (Route 1: Wards, Route 2: out-patient clinics, Route 3: Nursing Home, Route 4: Nursing Home and Offices). The most casualties occurred in Route 3, where carbon monoxide concentration reached 1,400 ppm at 351 seconds and rapidly increased to 7,000 ppm. Additionally, carbon dioxide concentration exceeded 5 % within 616 seconds, while oxygen levels dropped to below 12 % around 516 seconds. These results are consistent with the findings of the official Fire Cause Investigation Report. Therefore, based on our numerical simulations and findings from other literature studies, it is recommended that all existing legal buildings not only review their fire evacuation facilities and firefighting equipment but also ensure that the mattresses used in facilities meet or exceed fire safety standards. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。