頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 達魯瑪克部落國的小米田農耕文化=Cultivation Culture and Their Application of Millet Farm of Taromak Tribal Nation, Taitung, Taiwan |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 劉烱錫; | 書刊名 | 臺東大學綠色科學學刊 |
| 卷 期 | 13:2 2023.11[民112.11] |
| 頁 次 | 頁78-90 |
| 分類號 | 536.33 |
| 關鍵詞 | 原住民; 小米; 文化重建; 有機農耕; Indigenous people; Millet; Culture recovery; Organic farming; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 達魯瑪克部落國人民於 1996 年第一次集體重返舊聚落 kapaliwa 尋根並重建山地文化，自 2007 年在舊聚落恢復小米田耕作。本文經由作者實地參與和訪談結果，達魯瑪克人的歲時祭儀配合小米田農耕文化，依序如下，選墾地(陽曆九、十月)、砍樹 (十一、二月)、堆疊木材與焚地(一月)、播種與栽植(二月、三月)、除草(三、四月)、狩獵與驅趕動物(五、六月)、收穫小米(六月、七月初)、小米祭(七月中)、拔除小米根系 (八月)、收穫樹豆、地瓜等(九、十月)等。一塊樹林地經開墾約三、四年後廢耕，廢耕一、二十年後可再開墾。小米田以小米為主要農作物，坡面可混種玉米、藜、高粱、薏苡、地瓜、樹豆，墾地形成的石頭堆旁可種芋頭，並讓南瓜攀爬其上。砍樹後留下的大樹可種攀爬性的絲瓜、肉豆、佛手瓜等，而利用陡坡與棚架可種植各種豆類與瓜類。小米田結合狩獵文化可防鳥獸害，而較高的作物多樣性農耕可能不利病蟲害發生。達魯瑪克部落小米田農耕文化既是珍貴的文化資產，且在我國於 2016 年大力推動友善環境農業、有機耕作政策後，此農耕文化也符合有機耕作，建議加以推廣，並結合有機加工廠、部落旅遊等，促進原住民小米等雜糧的復耕。 |
| 英文摘要 | Seventeenth century, the Dutch empire looked Taromak tribal nation as enemy. Taromak was recorded nearly 900 persons in elevation 600 meters high by Ching Empire during 1890s. The Japanese empire forced them to move down to the river valley from 1920s until now the stage of Republic of China. The Taromak people returned their mountainous village Kapaliwa to recover their culture from 1996 and recover millet farm culture from 2007. The author was the main participant of Taromak culture movement from 1995. The yearly festivals of Taromak are mainly following the millet farm culture as selecting the farm during September and October, cutting the trees during November to December, pilling the wood and burning the land during January, planting the seeds and seedlings during February, clearing the weeds during March and April, hunting the farm animal during May and June, harvesting the millet during June and early July, millet festival during mid July, clearing the millet roots during August, harvest the Catjang Pea during September and October. The millet farm in the mild slope are planted not only main crop the millet Setaria italica but also others including corn Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor, Coix lacryma-jobi, Lambsquarters Chenopodium formosanum, Catjang Pea Cajanus cajan . Among the millet farm, the stone piles may be planted the taro Colocasia esculenta beside them, and planted the Pumpkin Cucurbita moschata to climb cover them. The trimmed and reserved tree among the millet farm may be planted with some beans like Lablab purpureus and some melons like Vegetable sponge Luffa cylindrical, and Sechium edule, etc. Beside the millet farm, the steep slope with trellis may be planted with the bean like Vigna sp. and the cucumber Cucumis sativus, etc. I suppose the Taromak millet farm is easier to implementing organic farming, because their hunting culture is useful in preventing animal damage and high crop diversity maybe effective in biological control. The millet farming culture of the Taromak tribal nation is a precious cultural heritage. After Taiwan launched environmentally friendly agriculture and organic farming policies in 2016, this farming culture is also consistent with organic farming. It is recommended to promote it and integrate it with organic agricultural product processing plants and tribal tourism, etc., to promote the re-cultivation of millet and other cereals by indigenous people. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。