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頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 20世紀初期澳洲報刊中的排華運動與社會輿論=Anti-Chinese Movement and Social Response in Chinese-Australian Newspaper in the Early 20th Century |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 王光輝; | 書刊名 | 史匯 |
| 卷 期 | 26 2024.08[民113.08] |
| 頁 次 | 頁60-78 |
| 分類號 | 577.2 |
| 關鍵詞 | 澳洲華人; 排華運動; 澳洲社會; 報紙社論; Australian Chinese; Anti-Chinese movement; Australian society; Newspapers; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 20世紀初期,澳大利亞政府實施的「白澳政策」,反映的是澳洲社會對有色人種移民的態度,政府透過「聽寫測驗」將非歐洲語系族群拒於門外,時間長達70年之久。雖然禁例沒有指名道姓,但回顧過往各領地府的移民限制,不難判斷禁例針對的是華人。政府的移民政策也讓種族主義者有機可乘,趁勢發起了反華運動。1904年,新南威爾斯州鄉鎮商販組成了「反華人及亞裔聯盟」,試圖推動更為嚴謹的移民法案,希望完成一個完全白人的澳洲社會。聯盟信誓旦旦在雪梨風光成立,但不到一年時間就化為幻影。本文旨在探討聯盟成敗之原因,藉由報刊內容重新彙整及分析聯盟短暫活躍時期的言行舉止,進而呈現澳洲社會對華人的不同態度與聲音。過往,澳洲華人研究經常陷入一種迷思,不時藉由華人的行為與努力來批判政府的移民府策,鮮少研究從澳洲白人社會內部的分歧來討論排華政策。本文無意圖推翻20世紀澳洲華人遭到歧視的事實,僅希望提供多面向的觀點來探討澳洲社會對移民的多重聲音,透過反華人及亞裔聯盟事件說明20世紀初期排華氣氛高漲的同時,澳洲社會如何權衡華人問題與英國憲法中的公平原則,對於偏激言論與不合理訴求做出了適當的制止與反擊。 |
| 英文摘要 | The White Australia Policy in the early 20th century sent a subliminal message of Australian society to coloured migrants. The policy that implemented a dictation test on incoming migrants successfully forbade non-Europeans from immigrating to Australia. Although it did not mention any race, reviewing the preceding colonial governments' immigration acts, it was clear that the policy aimed at the Chinese. The act also prompted racial extremists to grasp the opportunity to promote anti-Chinese movements. In 1904, New South Wales country storekeepers formed an ‘Anti-Chinese and Asiatic League' to conduct a crusade for the eradication of the Chinese and Asiatic in pursuit of a pure white Australian society. The formation of the league successfully attracted the attention of newspapers and the Australian public but later deteriorated and soon vanished within a year of its establishment. This paper explores the rise and fall of the league by reviewing local newspapers' articles and columns, through its contents, explicates the different voices of the Australian public. In the past, scholars have attempted to debate the rightness of the policy by examining the Australian Chinese community, but rarely any discussion on the internal dynamics of the Australian public. This paper does not intend to overturn the fact that the Chinese experienced discrimination during the early 20th century but would like to offer a different perspective when it comes to the discussion of racial discrimination in Australian history. The incident of the anti-Chinese league demonstrates how the Australian community voiced their opinions against the radical movement, balancing their sentiments between the Chinese questions and the British's fair play and equality. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。