頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 論民族語言受教育權的憲法保障=Constitutional Protection of Minority Language Education Rights |
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作 者 | 林胤翔; | 書刊名 | 澳門法學 |
卷 期 | 2024:1=55 2024.03[民113.03] |
頁 次 | 頁56-74 |
分類號 | 571.964 |
關鍵詞 | 少數民族語言; 國家通用語言文字; 語言權利; 受教育權; 地方自治; Minority languages; Mandarin; Linguistic rights; Right to education; Local self-government; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 我國少數民族語言相對通用語言在事實上居於弱勢,存在形勢瀕危、立法缺位、保護不到位等問 題。同時,備審案例引發了以雙語競爭對立為內在邏輯的通用語言優先論。民族語言受教育權為國際人權法所 承認,系我國憲法上的隱含權利、未列舉權利,國家應尊重其自由權內涵,促進其社會權面向的實現。雙語模 式下民語重視程度與漢語水準間非負相關關係,現有立法及部分系爭法規已調和法益衝突,實踐調和原則相對 利益衡量原則優先適用,優先論不符合實踐調和原則。制憲者已得出雙語地位平等與功能區分的衡量結果,不 應適用利益衡量原則。基於以上,建議將《國家通用語言文字法》修改為《國家語言文字法》,對民族語言專 章規定,採用“菜單機制”立法技術,以雙語平衡論平衡雙語。地方應科學落實雙語教育要求,中央應基於輔 助性原則、立法變通權與執行變通權,尊重民族自治地方相關立法,以地方立法推進民族團結進步。 |
英文摘要 | The minority languages in China are weak compared to the common language, Mandarin Chinese, and are facing problems including endangered situations, absence of legislation, and inadequate protection. With the dis- closure of cases for recordation and review by the Legislative Affairs Commission of the NPCSC, the theory of the common language priority which regards two languages can not be avoided to compete with each other has been pro- posed. Minority language education rights have been recognized by international human rights law, and they are implied and unenumerated rights in the Chinese Constitution. The government should respect the connotation of their rights to freedom and promote the realization of their social rights. Under the bilingual mode, the degree of emphasis on minori- ty languages is not negatively correlated with students’ proficiency in the common language. Existing legislation and some disputed regulations have reconciled conflicts of legal interests. The principle of practical concordance is given priority to the balance of interests principle. Therefore, the theory of the common language priority does not conform to the principle of practical concordance. The framers of the constitution have already obtained the measurement result of equal status and functional distinction between minority languages and the common language, so the principle of interest balancing should not be applied. Based on the above, the "Law on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language" could be amended to the "Law on the Spoken and Written Chinese Language", with a special chapter for the languages of ethnic minorities. In this law, the "menu system" legislative technique should be adopted, and the bilingual balance theo- ry should be used to balance the minority languages and the common language. Moreover, local governments should sci- entifically implement the bilingual education policy. The central government should respect relevant legislation passed by people’s congresses of ethnic autonomous regions based on the principle of subsidiarity, legislative flexibility, and executive flexibility. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。