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題 名 | 論早期佛教時代在家居士入流法門:以《雜阿含經》與《相應部》為範圍=Analysis of the Entry into the Stream for Lay Practitioners in Early Buddhism: Focus on the 'Saṃyukta-āgama' and the 'Saṃyutta-nikāya' |
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作 者 | 張雲凱; | 書刊名 | 學思 |
卷 期 | 3 2024.07[民113.07] |
頁 次 | 頁53-75 |
分類號 | 225.9 |
關鍵詞 | 在家居士; 須陀洹; 四不壞淨; 法眼淨; Layman; Sotapanna; Aveccappasāda; Dhammacakkhuvisuddhi; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文以《雜阿含經》與《相應部》為範圍,探討早期佛教時期在家居士入流法門。發現 佛陀較不以止觀教導在家居士入流,而是施以「法眼淨」及「四不壞淨」。 「法眼淨」於《雜阿含經》存在較多記載,證者除佛教法師外,多為非佛教人士;其對 應之南傳經文顯示聞法者多願皈依佛教或於佛教出家,可知當時頻繁對非佛教人士宣講佛教 核心教法,根據《雜阿含經》,有非佛教在家居士證法眼淨者;而「四不壞淨」絕大多數是 對佛教僧俗二眾說的,可說是佛教在家居士主要入流法門。在家居士雖有少數志求涅槃,但 大多數仍以「聞慧」與「思慧」成就初果。 佛教初果在家聖者看來與常人無異,證初果後應修止觀培養「修慧」,否則為放逸;若 身值重病,可進一步修習隨念或念處,藉此斷除煩惱,達到更高的果證。 |
英文摘要 | This article explores the method of entry into the stream for laymen using the Saṃyukta- āgama and the Saṃyutta-nikāya as the primary sources. In these two scriptures, it can be observed that the Buddha almost never taught lay people to enter the stream through tranquility and insight. The Buddha taught lay people to enter the stream based on the ‘Dhammacakkhuvisuddhi’ and the ‘Four Aveccappasāda’. There are more records of Dhammacakkhuvisuddhi in the Saṃyukta-āgama than in the Saṃyutta-nikāya. According to the Dhammacakkhuvisuddhi recorded in the Saṃyukta-āgama, in addition to Buddhist monks, most of the listeners to the Dhamma are non-Buddhist. The canons corresponding to the Saṃyukta-āgama in the Nikāyas show that most listeners are willing to convert to Buddhism. There are several records showing that non-Buddhist lay people enter the stream according to Saṃyukta-āgama. It can be seen that they both mainly preached the core teachings of Buddhism to non-Buddhist. Aveccappasāda can be seen as the main method for Buddhist laypeople to enter the stream. Although a minority of lay Buddhists diligently practice towards Nibbāna, most of them achieve the initial stage of enlightenment through the “wisdom of listening” and the “wisdom of contemplation”. There is no significant difference between sotapanna lay people and ordinary people in their daily lives. After attaining Sotapanna, one should practices meditation diligently to gain the “wisdom of practices”, otherwise one will be called a lazy person. If the condition worsens, he should practice anussatis or mindfulness, etc., based on the Aveccappasādas, to further eliminate kilesas and achieve higher attainment. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。