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| 題 名 | 行政機關證書制度的理解與適用--基於《香港基本法》第19條和《香港國安法》第47條釋法的分析=Comprehension and Application of Executive Certificate System: Analysis of Article 19 of the Hong Kong Basic Law and Article 47 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region |
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| 作 者 | 沈新淵; | 書刊名 | 一國兩制研究 |
| 卷 期 | 51 2024.04[民113.04] |
| 頁 次 | 頁15-27 |
| 分類號 | 575.2 |
| 關鍵詞 | 行政機關證書; 香港基本法第19條; 香港國安法第47條; Executive certificate system; Article 19 of the Hong Kong Basic Law; Article 47 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 行政機關證書制度源自英國判例法,適用於外交領域,具有決定性效力,是對“事實”證明,並非法律結論,司法機關須對證書進行“法律判斷”。司法機關對行政機關發出的證書表示禮讓和克制,是基於“一個聲音原則”,在外交事務上堅持相同立場。《香港基本法》第19條證明文書與英國行政機關證書具有一致性,《香港國安法》第47條與英國行政機關證書並非同類證書,其機制原理是借鑑了《香港基本法》第19條。剛果(金)案是《香港基本法》第19條證明文書的司法實踐,因證明書不具有規範效力才能理解香港法院主動提請人大釋法的動因。黎智英外聘律師案引發《香港國安法》第47條釋法,證明書的適用程序得到明確補充,功能在於約束香港法院對案件事實是否影響國安的判斷權,無損法院審判權。 |
| 英文摘要 | Executive certificate system originated from the United Kingdom. It was developed in judicial precedents and applicable to the diplomatic field generally. It is conclusive and can provide a illustrate about “objective facts.” The judicial authority should still to do some review on it. The reason why the judicial authority show the comity and restraint attitudes toward to executive certificates is that they must obey the “one voice principle” and keep the same standpoint the administrative agency holds. The certificate mentioned in Article 19 of the Hong Kong Basic Law is the same as the Executive Certificate System of the United Kingdom. But, the certificate mentioned in Article 47 of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is not. Its mechanism is based on Article 19 of the Hong Kong Basic Law. The Congo-Kinshasa Case was the judicial practice of Article 19. Due to the certificate in this case was not conclusive, the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal asked the NPC Standing Committee for interpretation. The case of Lai Chee-ying has led to the explanation of Article 47 by the NPC Standing Committee. The application procedure of the certificate has been clearly supplemented. Its function is to constrain the Hong Kong courts’ power of judging whether the facts of a case affect national security without damaging the judicial power of the courts. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。