頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 警察用槍時機適法性判斷之探討=Judgement on Legality of Timing for Gun Use by the Police |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 陳永鎭; | 書刊名 | 警察行政管理學報 |
| 卷 期 | 20 2024.05[民113.05] |
| 頁 次 | 頁95-119 |
| 分類號 | 575.85 |
| 關鍵詞 | 警察; 警械; 用槍時機; 開槍射擊; 比例原則適法性; Police; Police weapons; Timing for gun use; Firing; Legality of proportionality; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 行政行為最終仍為司法機關審查,為法律解釋的最終決定;故從合法用槍之 司法判決規則,依據法益而言,針對執勤之警察或他人之生命權、身體不受傷害 權、財產權等加以考量其急迫需要為基本原則,為深入瞭解警察執勤中使用槍械 之適法性其時機要件、判斷使用之基準及程序與限制,主要採取文獻探討、內容 分析及官方次級資料分析等研究方法進行研究,採以司法院裁判書類為樣本,分 析2012年起至2023年9月止,因開槍過失致死案件之判決,計9件5人案件,進行 研究發現:員警執行勤務之際,以執行緝捕現行犯、準現行犯及通緝犯為主,射 擊1發至9發不等,射擊人身體之後腦、腿部、腹部及背胸腹部及大腿腰臀部位, 足見多數射擊係自對象背後射擊,導致死亡而涉訟。該等情形大多為逃犯在前, 執法警察在後,用槍時機大致集中以警械使用條例第4條第1項第3款、第4款及第 5款等3款較多,員警開槍致人於死而涉訟之際,有無自首與被害家屬達成和解, 抑或未達成和解之際,有無盡力,賠償被害人之損害、有無積極與被害人溝通, 取得被害人之諒解,均會影響法官科刑及緩刑宣告之心證;故使用槍械應符合警 械使用條例、警察人員使用槍械規範之合法性規定及用槍比例原則方法性之限 制,方屬依法之行為;依研究結果提出四點建議:1、強化現場反應能力,培養 用槍之法律觀念,以結合情境模擬之應用。2、結合常年訓練實施標竿學習,以 模擬實戰強化應變射擊能力,以確保人權與生命法益之保障。3、建立發生開槍 致人於死案件時應遵守報告紀律,並積極與被害家屬達成和解之觀念。4、針對 執勤用槍致人傷亡涉訟之個案,進行實證訪談研究。 |
| 英文摘要 | The final review of administrative behavior is conducted by the judiciary and it serves as the final decision for rendering legal explanations. Therefore, based on the laws and regulations of gun use for making judicial decisions and legal interests, police’s or others’ right to life, right free from physical injuries, property right and so on are the principles for determining if there are urgent needs for gun use. This study aims at further exploring the legality regarding the elements of timing for gun use as well as the standards, procedures and limitations for determining gun use upon law enforcement by the police. The methodology adopted in this study includes literature review, content analysis and official secondary data analysis. This study used judgments collected from the Judicial Yuan, dated from 2012 to September 2013, covering a total of 5 persons in 9 cases in relation to negligent causes of death by gun use. The study found that red- handed offenders, quasi-flagrant offenders and the wanted were the main targets chased by the police upon implementing duties. In these cases, the police fired one to nine bullets either to the back of the head, legs, abdomen, back chest and abdomen, thighs, waist or buttocks. This explained that these shootings, which led to death and follow-up lawsuits, were executed from the back of the targets. In most cases, the law-enforcing police were chasing after fugitives and the timing of gun use mostly followed three regulations including Article 4.1.3, Article 4.1.4 and Article 4.1.5. When the police got involved in a lawsuit featuring death caused by gun use, factors including voluntary surrender, reconciliation with a victim’s family members, efforts made to compensate a victim’s losses, positive communications with a victim in order to gain his or her understanding, etc. would affect judges’ moral conviction upon sentencing or making a declaration of probation. As a result, gun use complying with the Act Governing the Use of Police Weapons, legality-related regulations and criteria, and limitations on proportionality of gun use can be considered as behavior by law. Finally, four suggestions are made based on the results of the study. First, it’s necessary to reinforce the police’s response to the scene, and cultivate legal concepts regarding gun use by introducing scenario simulations. Second, it’s suggested to integrate benchmarking with constant training so as to simulate possible conditions, strengthen the police’s immediate response and shooting skills as well as secure and protect human rights and legal interests of life. Third, it’s suggested that the police should have the concepts of complying with the disciplines to make a report upon the occurrence of death caused by gun shot and positively communicating with a victim’s family members for reaching reconciliation. Fourth, it’s advised that empirical research by way of interviews can be conducted in order to further explore the cases involving lawsuits of casualties caused by gun use upon law enforcement by the police. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。