頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 19世紀~20世紀前半のドイツ公法学と日本公法学=19世紀至20世紀前半期德國公法學與日本公法學、Public Law in Japan and Germany, 1800~1950 |
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| 作 者 | 伊藤孝夫; | 書刊名 | 輔仁法學 |
| 卷 期 | 65 2023.06[民112.06] |
| 頁 次 | 頁515-553 |
| 分類號 | 580.9 |
| 關鍵詞 | 公法學史; 公法實證主義; 國家有機體說; 國家法人說; 國體論爭; The history of public law; Public legal positivism; The theory of the state as an organic entity; The theory of the state as a legal person; The debate on kokutai; 公法学史; 公法実証主義; 国家有機体説; 国家法人説; 国体論争; |
| 語 文 | 日文(Japanese) |
| 中文摘要 | 近代日本最早的憲法：大日本帝國憲法，與日本公法學是在德國公法學的影響下所形成。20世紀初到1920年代為止，日本議會政治在此憲法下開展，但是到了1930年代，軍部的政治影響力增大與超國家主義的興起，造成立憲制度變質與空洞化，擁護立憲制度為志的公法學者們遭到鎮壓，強迫他們噤聲。在這個過程中最大的爭點是「君主（天皇）機關說」與「國體」及其相關的概念，向來為人所知，但是就其在法學上的意義，在現代日本，尚未被妥適地理解，而多只以一連串的政治過程來理解。本文考察了特殊脈絡條件下德國公法學的討論脈絡，由此了解這些所產生的相關觀念在日本的特殊脈絡條件下如何展開。並且看到日本和德國面臨市民社會不成熟的狀況下，強行近代國家建設，公法學被賦予協助建設國家的角色時，影響到學術的獨立性，不得不說是公法學發展的致命傷，另外一方面，也看到20世紀前期公法法實證主義嚴守政治與法律的分離，尋求對政治權力的控制，對於現代的我們也提供了許多啟發。｜近代日本最早的憲法：大日本帝國憲法，與日本公法學是在德國公法學的影響下所形成。20世紀初到1920年代為止，日本議會政治在此憲法下開展，但是到了1930年代，軍部的政治影響力增大與超國家主義的興起，造成立憲制度變質與空洞化，擁護立憲制度為志的公法學者們遭到鎮壓，強迫他們噤聲。在這個過程中最大的爭點是「君主（天皇）機關說」與「國體」及其相關的概念，向來為人所知，但是就其在法學上的意義，在現代日本，尚未被妥適地理解，而多只以一連串的政治過程來理解。本文考察了特殊脈絡條件下德國公法學的討論脈絡，由此了解這些所產生的相關觀念在日本的特殊脈絡條件下如何展開。並且看到日本和德國面臨市民社會不成熟的狀況下，強行近代國家建設，公法學被賦予協助建設國家的角色時，影響到學術的獨立性，不得不說是公法學發展的致命傷，另外一方面，也看到20世紀前期公法法實證主義嚴守政治與法律的分離，尋求對政治權力的控制，對於現代的我們也提供了許多啟發。 |
| 英文摘要 | This article examines the significant development and discourse surrounding German and Japanese public law from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century, aiming to explore the significance of related concepts within a specific historical context. The earliest constitution of modern Japan--the Constitution of the Empire of Japan--and Japanese public law were formed under the influence of German public law. From the early 20th century to the 1920s, Japan's parliamentary politics was carried out under this constitution. However, in the 1930s, the military's political influence increased, and the rise of supranationalism led to the deterioration and erosion of the constitutional system. Public law scholars who supported the constitutional system were suppressed and silenced. The central point of contention in this process revolved around " Tenno Kikansetsu", "kokutai" and their related concepts. The Argument around these concepts was well known, but their legal significance was not properly understood by modern Japanese. They were often understood primarily as a series of political processes. This article aims to address this concern by investigating the development of public law in Germany and Japan. It also reviews the significance of the "setbacks" experienced by both countries in the mid-20th century. This article examines the discussion of German public law, so as to understand how these related concepts developed in Japan. This article finds both Germany and Japan were confronted with the challenge of building a modern nation state with immature civil societies, resulting in public law playing a pivotal role in assisting in the nation-building process. It also leaded to a weakening of academic independence. Finally, the article offers insights into public law positivism. It becomes apparent that in the first half of the 20th century, Germany and Japan adopted legal positivism as the mainstream constitutional law approach, emphasizing a strict distinction between law and politics to control the arbitrary exercise of political power. There are valuable lessons for us in modern times to learn from public legal positivism. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。