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題 名 | 國際身障運動分級=International Disability Sport Classification |
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作 者 | 吳昇光; | 書刊名 | 國民體育季刊 |
卷 期 | 53:1=217 2024.03[民113.03] |
頁 次 | 頁25-30+98-99 |
專 輯 | 身心障礙運動推廣 |
關鍵詞 | 肢體障礙; 視力障礙; 智力障礙; 聽力障礙; 運動特殊性分級; 國際分級師; Physical impairment; Visual impairment; Intellectual impairments; Hearing impairment; Sport-specific classification; International classifiers; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 為維持比賽的公平性及可信度,身障競技運動與健全人競技運動的最大差異點為體位分級。在最新的肢體障礙選手參與國際競技比賽,原則上是採用各運動特殊性之功能分級,以其身體能力參與該運動項目的功能;而視力障礙運動則是採用以醫學診斷與評估為主的分級制度,評估參加者的殘存視力;智能障礙運動則是先採用智能評估判定符合基本智能障礙特性,之後再採用運動特殊性的能力檢測,以確定智能障礙選手符合參與田徑、游泳或是桌球項目。聽力障礙者雖不參與在帕運會中,但其有以醫學聽力檢查評估判定符合聽障的標準,以利參加達福林匹克運動會。由於肢體障礙最為複雜,且各種運動需要的功能能力不同,因此分級過程與檢測評估方式最為困難,需要結合醫學分級師及技術分級師共同合作進行檢測判定。儘管現今已有各項目的分級制度,然而以科學研究為依據所訂定的分級制度及相關衍生議題仍需加以強調,以利國際運動組織在各種運動項目訂定合理及公平的分級制度。 |
英文摘要 | To maintain the fairness and credibility of the competition, the primary distinction between para and able-bodied sports lies in the classification of body positions. In contemporary international sports competitions, athletes with physical impairments are assessed using a functional classification approach, aligning their abilities tailored to the specific requirements for each sports event. For visually impaired sporting, a classification system primarily based on medical diagnosis and assessment is adopted to evaluate participants’ remaining visual acuity and field. In the case of sports with intellectual impairments, an intelligence assessment determines adherence to fundamental characteristics of intellectual impairments. This is followed by a specificity test to ascertain eligibility for participants in track and field, swimming, or table tennis. Although individuals with hearing impairments do not participate in the Paralympic Games, they can qualify for the Deaflympics through medical hearing examinations assessing compliance with deafness criteria. Due to the complexity of physical impairments and the diverse functional abilities required for different sports, the classification process and assessment methods are particularly challenging. It necessitates collaborative efforts between medical and technical classifiers to conduct evaluations and determinations. Despite the existing classification systems for various sports, it remains essential to emphasize classification systems and related issues derived from scientific research. This is crucial to facilitate international sports organizations in establishing reasonable and equitable classification systems across different sporting events. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。