頁籤選單縮合
題名 | COVID-19疫苗接種後對國際疫情趨勢影響之評析=The Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign on SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Worldwide |
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作者 | 李政益; 郭宏偉; 許建邦; | 書刊名 | 疫情報導 |
卷期 | 37:11 2021.06.08[民110.06.08] |
頁次 | 頁153-174 |
分類號 | 412.42 |
關鍵詞 | 疫苗; 變異株; 疫苗猶豫; 政府防疫嚴格指數; COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccine; Variants of SARS-CoV-2; Vaccination hesitancy; Government stringency index; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 中國大陸湖北省於2019年底爆發嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎(COVID-19)疫情,隨後擴散至全球,WHO在2020年1月30日宣布為國際關注之公共衛生緊急事件(PHEIC)。截至2021年4月19日,全球已有193個國家通報確診案例,超過1億4,000萬人染疫,逾300萬人死亡。各國致力疫苗研發以期控制疫情,目前最多國家採用的疫苗前三名分別為AstraZeneca、Pfizer/BNT、以及Sputnik V。自2020年12月8日英國開始大規模疫苗接種,全球已有156個國家陸續推動接種計畫,至少接種1劑佔世界總人口約6.4%。以色列是全球疫苗覆蓋率最高的國家,至少接種1劑達61.8%,完整2劑57.5%,該國發生率最高峰與近期相比已下降97%,死亡率下降91.5%;英、美與多國亦見接種率上升,發生率與死亡率逐步下降趨勢;但疫苗接種率高,並不必然是疫情下降的保證,有相類似接種率的智利,接種1劑達40.5%,完整2劑佔28.4%,隨疫苗覆蓋率提高,發生率與死亡率卻持續攀升,近期發生率與疫苗接種啟始日時相比上升超過230%,死亡率上升170%;法、德等國疫苗雖接種率上升,亦未見發生率下降,顯見疫苗非控制疫情之唯一手段。雖各國積極推動疫苗接種,但近期全球平均日增約75萬例確診,創疫情以來新高,多個地理區亦再度爆發流行;WHO表示疫情回升主因為變異株擴散、社會交流增加、不當或過早放寬公衛管制措施、民眾的抗疫疲勞效應及疫苗覆蓋率不均。本研究評析疫苗接種對整體疫情的影響,並探討疫苗副作用與公眾的疫苗猶豫,多國經驗發現除積極推動疫苗接種外,落實防疫管制措施亦為控制疫情之重要手段。 |
英文摘要 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread from China to countries worldwide. The WHO declared that the outbreak constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in January 2020. COVID-19 is spreading worldwide, with more than 140 million confirmed cases and three million deaths across over 193 countries. COVID-19 vaccination is considered one of the best strategies to control the pandemic worldwide. As of Apr 19, 2021, the Oxford-AstraZeneca was the most widely used COVID-19 vaccine worldwide, followed by the Pfizer-BioNTech and Sputnik V. Since the global first COVID-19 vaccine program has launched in the United Kingdom, more than 156 countries have initiated mass COVID-19 vaccination programs, and 6.4% of the worldwide population have received at least one dose of the vaccine. Israel has the highest COVID-19 vaccination rate globally; around 61.8% population had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, and 57.5% were fully vaccinated. Comparing to its highest epidemic rates in January, the Israeli health authorities revealed the incidence had dropped 97%, and mortality had decreased 91.5% among the population. According to our observation, the incidence and mortality rates in UK and United States have also declined as the vaccination rates increasing. However, vaccination is not the only critical factor to control the epidemic. Chile's COVID-19 vaccination program rollout was fast and broad, with 40.5% population had received at least one dose of vaccine, and 28.4% were fully vaccinated. While Chile has reached one of the highest COVID-19 vaccination rates worldwide, the most recent incidence rate increased 230%, and the mortality rate also surged 170% among the population. A similar situation of increasing vaccination but more case and death rates occurred in France, Germany, and many countries. Nevertheless, the global rollout of vaccines is no longer a guarantee of victory over COVID-19. The WHO indicates that cases surging might be fueled by highly contagious variants, increasing social interactions, easing public health control measures, anti-epidemic fatigue, vaccine hesitate, and low coverage and unfair distributions of vaccination. This study concludes that vaccines alone might not end the current epidemics but conduct public health and social measures to control the COVID-19. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。