頁籤選單縮合
題名 | COVID-19疫苗強制接種政策之跨國比較=Compaison of COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates in OECD Member Countries and Taiwan |
---|---|
作者 | 葉明叡; 歐晁瑋; | 書刊名 | 疫情報導 |
卷期 | 38:12 2022.06.21[民111.06.21] |
頁次 | 頁132-147 |
分類號 | 412.42 |
關鍵詞 | 疫苗拒絕; 疫苗猶豫; 疫苗強制接種; 介入階梯; 比較衛生政策; Vaccine refusal ; Vaccine hesitancy; Vaccine mandates; Intervention ladder; Comparative health policy; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | COVID-19大流行至今,疫苗接種為最有效的防治策略之一,但各個社會中,總存在有除了醫學理由以外,因不同理由而拒絕接種疫苗的民眾。在疫苗供應穩定之後,倫理難題從疫苗分配順序,轉而成為國家可採取至何種強制程度之疫苗接種政策,誘導、敦促甚至強硬要求接種意願低者前往接種。本文採用「疫苗接種政策介入階梯」架構,比較「經濟合作暨發展組織」(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD)會員國截至2021年底以前曾採取的COVID-19相關強制接種措施。結果發現,OECD國家最多採取軟性反誘因措施,常見者如限定完整接種至少兩劑疫苗而持有疫苗通行證者,才可進入特定場所。次多者採取強制反誘因措施,集中於依照職業、風險程度作不同群體之措施,主要為限制拒絕接種者工作。部分國家採取非常強硬的懲罰措施,包括高額罰款、監禁或是予以解雇。沒有國家採取強迫接種。各國COVID-19疫苗強制接種仍隨疫情變化調整中,也不斷遭遇社會大眾與司法挑戰,本研究比較彙整各國相關措施經驗,供我國衛生部門研擬COVID-19疫苗接種政策參考。 |
英文摘要 | Vaccination is one of the most effective countermeasures against the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, a proportion of the people in each society continue to refuse vaccination for reasons other than medical exemption. When the vaccine supply is sufficient enough, the primary ethical concern is then switched from the priority order of vaccinations to what extent the government should implement vaccine mandates to incentivize, urge, or even require these people to be vaccinated. We adopted the intervention ladder framework to compare the practices of mandatory vaccinations in the member countries of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) by the end of year 2021. We found that the most frequently adopted measurement was the soft disincentive, prominently the requirement of an universally certified vaccination pass at the designated sites. The second frequently adopted one was the strong disincentive, focusing on specific subpopulations according to the risk of transmission or severity if infected. Only a few countries adopted strict punishments, in which refusals might lead to fines, imprisonment, or dismissal from work. No country has adopted coercive vaccination. The mandatory vaccination policy is still evolving along with the dynamic of the COVID-19 pandemic and constantly being challenged by the public and with judicial approaches. The experiences of vaccine mandates in the OECD member countries are summarized in the article and might be informative for policy making for the health authority in Taiwan. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。