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題 名 | 人工智慧風險治理與監管機制建構之研究--以歐盟監管專法(AIA)與美國風險管理標準為核心=A Legal Study on the Risk Governance Models of Artificial Intelligence |
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作 者 | 郭戎晉; | 書刊名 | 世新法學 |
卷 期 | 17:1 2023.12[民112.12] |
頁 次 | 頁109-221 |
分類號 | 312.83 |
關鍵詞 | 人工智慧; 風險治理; 監管模式; 人工智慧規則草案; 人工智慧風險管理框架; Artificial intelligence; Risk governance; Regulatory model; Artificial Intelligence Act; Artificial intelligence risk management framework 1.0; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 隨著人工智慧應用領域的拓展與多元化,此一嶄新技術引發的 問題也隨之增加。在風險漸增下,人工智慧的監管思維已由初期的 自律為主,逐步向他律靠攏並有轉為以他律為重之趨勢。現時國際 上應對人工智慧風險之可能監理模式,主要計有:1. 歐盟模式:推 動「人工智慧監管專法」;2. 美國模式:部門立法搭配「人工智慧 風險管理標準」;3. 英國模式:根基部會固有權責推動客製化監 管。歐盟執委會提出的AIA草案區分為:1. 無法接受的風險;2. 高 度風險;3. 有限風險;及4. 最小風險或無風險等四個風險級別,並 按風險級別的高低設定人工智慧系統應受到之規範。惟專法設計也 存在風險監管機制設計失當等批評意見,有鑑於此,歐洲議會及歐 盟理事會嗣後進行的談判討論,已針對部分問題進行修正。對比歐 盟,美國則是秉持務實立場,除必要的部門立法並揭櫫其共通基本 要求,美國亦積極推動「人工智慧風險管理標準」並在 2023年1月 正式發布「人工智慧風險管理框架」,助益公、私部門建立可持續 運作的內部管理機制。本文同時探討我國在人工智慧風險監管機制 推動上所應審慎思考的事項,包括:1. 有無立法之必要;2. 權責機 關之設定;以及3. 風險概念/級距之劃分與判定,並提出立法論層 面之具體建議,此外,本文亦建議我國可推動必要的人工智慧風險 管理標準,並應持續關注「動態監管模式」暨「全球性監管機制」 之發展,以利因應人工智慧技術發展與產業應用快速更迭之特性。 |
英文摘要 | With the development and diversification of the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the problems caused by AI also increase. At present, the risk governance model of AI mainly includes: 1. the EU model: Promote the “Artificial Intelligence Act”; 2. the US model: Sector-specific regulation with “AI Risk Management Standards”; 3. the UK model: Promote customized supervision according to existing norms. The European Commission’s draft AIA identifies four levels of risk caused by AI and sets out the rules that AI systems should be subject to according to the level of risk. However, there are also criticisms of the design of the risk governance mechanism, in view of this, the European Parliament has amended some Articles in its version adopted in June 2023. Compared with the European Union, the United States is upholding a pragmatic stance and actively promoting AI risk management standards and officially releasing the AI RMF by NIST in January 2023. AI RMF helps the public and private sectors establish sustainable internal management systems. This article discusses the issues that should be considered in promoting the AI risk governance model in Taiwan, including: 1. Necessity of legislation; 2. Competent authority; and 3. Classification and determination of risk levels. In addition to put forward suggestions toward the aforementioned topics, the authors also recommend promoting the necessary AI risk management standards and continuing to focus on the development of dynamic regulatory models to address the rapidly changing nature of AI technology development and industrial applications. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。