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題名 | 臺灣梅花鹿磨角行為對墾丁高位珊瑚礁森林樹木的危害=Fraying Damage to Trees by Formosan Sika Deer in the Kenting Uplifted Coral Reef Forest |
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作者 | 王相華; 王玉婷; 伍淑惠; 蘇聲欣; | 書刊名 | 臺灣林業科學 |
卷期 | 34:3 2019.09[民108.09] |
頁次 | 頁207-215 |
分類號 | 436.32 |
關鍵詞 | 臺灣梅花鹿; 磨角行為; 樹木危害; 選擇偏好; 森林更新; Formosan sika deer; Fraying; Tree damage; Preference; Forest regeneration; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 有蹄類動物對於森林生態系的影響為當前世界重要的保育議題之一,其中鹿科動物磨角行為對樹木的危害是受到廣泛關注的主題。墾丁國家公園管理處復育的梅花鹿於1994年開始陸續野放,目前已有鹿隻危害墾丁地區森林的研究報導。本研究以墾丁高位珊瑚礁森林動態樣區於2013年6~9月調查記錄到的0.72ha範圍,共3207株樹木(胸徑≥1cm)為觀測樣木,於2014年3~5月調查梅花鹿磨角行為所造成的危害現象。調查結果顯示,樣木樹皮受到梅花鹿磨角損害的單株比例為7.6%,樹皮被磨損的高度集中在離地面30~90cm處。就徑級而言,梅花鹿偏好選擇胸徑2~3.9cm的小徑級單株來磨角,胸徑≥8cm的單株被磨角的機率明顯降低;就樹種而言,梅花鹿偏好選擇鐵色(Drypetes littoralis)、土楠(Cryptocarya concinna)、石苓舅(Glycosmis citrifolia)的單株來磨角,紅柴(Aglaia formosana)、毛柿(Diospyros philippensis)、白榕(Ficus benjamina)、正榕(Ficus microcarpa)、山欖(Planchonella obovata)被磨角的機率則明顯偏低。梅花鹿磨角的主要對象是森林中的稚樹,會對森林的天然更新產生衝擊;此外,梅花鹿磨角行為有明顯的樹種選擇性,會影響森林的樹種組成。本文針對於梅花鹿磨角行為的樹木選擇提出概要性的討論。 |
英文摘要 | Impacts of ungulates on forest ecosystems are an important conservation issue in the world today, including fraying damage by deer to trees. Formosan sika deer was reintroduced into Kenting National Park in 1994; and now damage to the forest by deer has been reported. In this study, 3207 trees (with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of ≥ 1 cm) recorded in a 0.72-ha forest plot in 2013 were used as sample individuals, and fraying damage was investigated in 2014. According to the survey, 7.6% of sample individuals had been damaged by fraying, and the height of the rubbed tree-bark was concentrated at 30~90 cm from the ground. In terms of tree diameter, sika deer preferred saplings with a DBH of 2~3.9 cm for fraying, and the fraying ratio was significantly reduced on trees with a DBH of ≥ 8 cm. In terms of tree species, sika deer preferred Drypetes littoralis, Cryptocarya concinna, and Glycosmis citrifolia for fraying, while avoiding Aglaia formosana, Diospyros philippensis, Ficus benjamina, F. microcarpa, and Planchonella obovata. Fraying by sika deer causes serious damage to forest saplings and probably impacts the natural regeneration of forests. In addition, fraying damage to trees reveals obvious species preference, which may lead to changes in the tree species composition of forests. This article discusses tree selection for fraying by sika deer. |
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