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題 名 | 鳥類與蝙蝠捕食者降低亞熱帶人工林害蟲豐量=Avian and Bat Predators Reduce Pest Abundances in a Subtropical Plantation |
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作 者 | 葛兆年; 張靖; 莊鈴木; 盧勇仁; 黃文伯; | 書刊名 | 臺灣林業科學 |
卷 期 | 34:1 2019.03[民108.03] |
頁 次 | 頁43-54 |
分類號 | 436.34 |
關鍵詞 | 茄苳; 光蠟樹; 脊椎蟲食者; 植食者; 圍網; Bischofia javanica; Fraxinus griffithii; Vertebrate insectivore; Herbivore; Exclosure; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 鳥類與蝙蝠是重要的昆蟲捕食者,植食性昆蟲又為害林木生長,因此脊椎蟲食者捕食植食性昆蟲對林木健康可能有促進的作用。本研究以圍網隔絕鳥類與蝙蝠進入林木中,來檢驗從上而下的捕食作用,對無脊椎動物豐量及林木樹葉因植食受損量的影響。以平地森林園區之茄苳及光蠟樹等重要人工林樹種為試驗對象,2016年4~7月於共發現18目1881隻次無脊椎動物,在茄苳的優勢類群依序為蜘蛛目、膜翅目、雙翅目、鱗翅目、半翅目、彈尾目、嚙蟲目,而在光蠟樹則為蜘蛛目、膜翅目、彈尾目、雙翅目、鱗翅目、半翅目與鞘翅目。無論是茄苳或光蠟樹,在架設圍網後,無脊椎動物的豐量皆顯著上升,特別是鱗翅目的幼蟲豐量有顯著的差異,顯示脊椎蟲食者捕食的影響。蜘蛛豐量亦因圍網而顯著增加,原因除了脊椎蟲食者被隔絕,圍網的架設攔截牽絲飄行的蜘蛛,亦造成結網性蜘蛛豐量顯著上升,但並未影響植食性昆蟲數量的增加。本研究顯示脊椎蟲食者可以抑制茄苳與光蠟樹上的鱗翅目幼蟲量,是重要的上層捕食者。人工林因植被單純,應特別預防蟲害爆發,建議人工林納入鳥類與蝙蝠棲地營造,可促成健康的林木以及成功的人工林。 |
英文摘要 | Birds and bats are important insect predators. Herbivorous insects have negative effects on tree growth, and thus the health of trees may benefit from foraging by vertebrate insectivores on herbivorous insects. An exclosure experiment was used to examine the top-down effects of birds and bats on invertebrates and leaf damage due to insect herbivory on tree plantations. The experiment was conducted on two common plantation species of Bischofia javanica and Fraxinus griffithii. In total, there were 18 orders and 1811 individual invertebrates collected from April to July 2016. The dominant insect taxa on B. javanica in the order of the number of individuals were of the Araneida, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Collembola, and Psocoptera. On F. griffithii, the dominant insect taxa in the order of the number of individuals were of the Araneida, Hymenoptera, Collembola, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Coleoptera. The abundance of invertebrates, specifically Lepidoptera larvae, was significantly elevated on B. javanica and F. griffithii when vertebrate insectivores were experimentally excluded from foraging. Such results demonstrated that vertebrate insectivores suppressed herbivorous insects. The abundance of spiders was also higher on B. javanica and F. griffithii when vertebrate insectivores were excluded from foraging. In addition to exclusion of vertebrate insectivores, the exclosure might have intercepted the spider's silk and provided extra net structure for the spiders to weave their nets. However, the abundance of herbivorous insects still increased and did not seem to be influenced by the increased number of spiders. From our results, we concluded that vertebrate insectivores limit the abundance of Lepidoptera larvae on B. javanica and F. griffithii, and thus vertebrate insectivores are important top predators of insect pests. Plantations with a simplified vegetative structure can easily suffer insect pest outbreaks. To prevent severe damage due to insect pest outbreaks on plantations, it is recommended that plantations provide suitable habitats for birds and bats, thus facilitating the health of trees and achieving successful plantations. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。